{"id":255458,"date":"2021-10-11T18:00:16","date_gmt":"2021-10-11T12:30:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?p=255458"},"modified":"2021-10-29T11:35:35","modified_gmt":"2021-10-29T06:05:35","slug":"accused-has-to-rebut-presumption-under-ni-act-once-signature-on-cheque-is-admitted","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2021\/10\/11\/accused-has-to-rebut-presumption-under-ni-act-once-signature-on-cheque-is-admitted\/","title":{"rendered":"Accused has to rebut presumption under NI Act, once signature on cheque is admitted? Delhi Saket Courts examines"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>South-East District, Saket Courts, New Delhi: <\/strong>Bhanu Pratap Singh, MM (N.I. Act) found the accused guilty of an offence under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act, where the accused had admitted signatures on the cheque and also failed to make the payment within 15 days of receipt of summons.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\">Background<\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Accused took a loan of Rs 2,50,000 from the complainant through cross payee cheque drawn on ICICI Bank in his favour for a period of 6 months and the accused executed acknowledgment and promissory note under his signatures and the said amount carried interest at the rate of 18% p.a. from the date of payment till realization.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Complainant time and again demanded the said loan amount together with interest however, accused showed her inability to repay the said loan amount and always insisted to extend the time for repayment of the said loan amount along with interest.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In the discharge of her part legal liability, the accused issued a cheque for the amount of Rs 2,50,000 under her signature in favour of the complainant leaving the interest part on the said loan amount apart.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">As per the instructions of the accused, the complainant presented the above-mentioned cheque for encashment and the same was dishonoured vide bank memo dated 04.12.2014 with remarks &#8216;Funds Insufficient&#8217;.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Thereafter, complainant sent a legal notice under Section 138 NI Act, calling upon the accused to make the payment within 15 days of the receipt of the legal notice as prescribed under Section 138 of the NI Act. Even after the expiry of 15 days stipulated period, the accused did not make the payment, therefore, the accused committed offence under Section 138 of NI Act and the present case was filed by the complainant.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\">Analysis, Law and Decision<\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Accused admitted her signatures on the cheque on question in her statement under Sections 251 and 313 CrPC.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In Supreme Court\u2019s decision of <em>Kalamani Tex v. P. Balasubramanian, <\/em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/x9BnyOg9\">(2021) 5 SCC 283\u00a0<\/a> , it was held that:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>The Statute mandates that once the signature(s) of an accused on the cheque\/negotiable instrument are established, then the \u2018reverse onus\u2019 clauses become operative. In such a situation, the obligation shifts upon the accused to discharge the presumption imposed upon him. <\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Court stated that once the accused had admitted her signatures on the cheque in question, presumption under Section 118 and 139 of the NI Act was drawn in favour of the complainant. Hence, it was upon the accused to rebut the presumption under Section 139 NI Act by raising a probable defence in his favour on a scale of preponderance of probabilities.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Accused took the defence in her statement under Section 251 CrPC that she does not know whether she received the legal notice.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The above plea of the accused was not tenable by virtue of the Supreme Court decision in <em>CC Alavi Haji v. Palapetty Muhammed, <\/em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/QHjm47BJ\">(2007) 6 SCC 555<\/a>, wherein it was held that:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>\u201cAny drawer who claims that he did not receive the notice sent by post, can, within 15 days of receipt of summons from the court in respect of the complaint u\/s. 138 of the Act, make payment of the cheque amount and submit to the court that he had made payment within 15 days of receipt of summons (by receiving a copy of complaint with the summons) and, therefore, the complaint is liable to be rejected. A person who does not pay within 15 days of receipt of the summons from the court along-with the copy of the complaint u\/s. 138 of the Act, cannot obviously contend that there was no proper service of notice as required u\/s. 138, by ignoring statutory presumption to the contrary u\/s. 27 of the General Clauses Act and Section 114 of the Evidence Act\u201d. <\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Therefore, the accused failed to raise a probable defence in his favour on a scale of preponderance of probabilities and consequently, the presumption under Section 118(a) and 139 of NI Act drawn in favour of complainant had not been rebutted and complainant proved the ingredients of Section 138 NI Act beyond reasonable doubt.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Hence, accused was found guilty for the offence punishable under Section 138 NI Act. [Om Avtar (HUF) v. Shashi Jindal, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/6o705C74\">CC No. 631088 of 2016<\/a>, decided on 5-10-2021]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>South-East District, Saket Courts, New Delhi: Bhanu Pratap Singh, MM (N.I. Act) found the accused guilty of an offence under Section 138 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8808,"featured_media":233803,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,4721],"tags":[2862,29785,23584,33580,21144],"class_list":["post-255458","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-casebriefs","category-district-court","tag-dishonour_of_cheque","tag-law","tag-section-138-ni-act","tag-section-139-ni-act","tag-signature-on-cheque"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.4 (Yoast SEO v26.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Accused has to rebut presumption under NI Act, once signature on cheque is admitted? 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Brief facts Complainant and accused had entered into an agreement to sell the property\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Saket Court","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/District-Court-Saket.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/District-Court-Saket.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/District-Court-Saket.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/District-Court-Saket.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/District-Court-Saket.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":266804,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2022\/05\/13\/law-on-liability-of-guarantor-dishonour-of-cheque-section-138-ni-act\/","url_meta":{"origin":255458,"position":1},"title":"Liability of Guarantor for Cheque Dishonour: Can lender enforce his right against either principal borrower or his guarantor? Dwarka Courts answers","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"May 13, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"Dwarka Courts, Delhi: Rahul Jain, Metropolitan Magistrate, while addressing a matter regarding dishonour of cheque, held that mere assertion of non-receipt of legal notice cannot help the accused in escaping liability under Section 138 Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881. It was alleged in complaint that accused had approached the complainant to\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Dwarka-Court.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Dwarka-Court.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Dwarka-Court.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Dwarka-Court.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Dwarka-Court.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":257091,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2021\/11\/15\/dishonour-of-cheques-2\/","url_meta":{"origin":255458,"position":2},"title":"Dishonour of Cheque | Not filling details in cheque, Non-filing of ITR by complainant, Handing over cheque as security, etc.: Delhi Court discards all defence, orders conviction under S. 138 NI Act \u00a0","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"November 15, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"Saket Courts, Delhi: Swati Gupta, Metropolitan Magistrate (South) NI Act, convicted the accused for an offence under Section 138 (dishonour of cheque) of the Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881. While delivering the judgment, the Court reiterated the well-settled position of law and discarded various defence taken by the accused. Factual Matrix\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Saket Court","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/District-Court-Saket.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/District-Court-Saket.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/District-Court-Saket.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/District-Court-Saket.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/District-Court-Saket.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":207213,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2018\/12\/25\/presumption-under-section-118-of-ni-act-may-legally-be-inferred-where-where-signature-on-cheque-admitted-by-accused\/","url_meta":{"origin":255458,"position":3},"title":"Presumption under Section 118 of NI Act may legally be inferred where signature on cheque admitted by accused","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"December 25, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"Bombay High Court: A Single Judge bench comprising of M.G. Giratkar, J. dismissed a revision petition filed against the judgment of Judicial Magistrate and confirmed by Additional Sessions Judge, Nagpur whereby the petitioner was convicted for offence punishable under Section 138 of Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881. The petitioner and the\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":266987,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2022\/05\/18\/a-blank-cheque-leaf-voluntarily-signed-and-handed-over-towards-some-payment-dishonour-of-cheque-section-138-ni-act\/","url_meta":{"origin":255458,"position":4},"title":"A blank cheque leaf voluntarily signed and handed over towards some payment: Would it attract presumption under S. 139 NI Act in absence of cogent evidence? Dwarka Courts explains","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"May 18, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"Dwarka Courts, New Delhi: Deeksha Sethi, MM (NI Act)\u201406, reiterated that, even a blank cheque leaf, voluntarily signed and handed over by the accused, which is towards some payment, would attract presumption under Section 139 of the Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881. In the present matter, Raj Singh was referred to\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Dwarka-Court.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Dwarka-Court.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Dwarka-Court.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Dwarka-Court.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Dwarka-Court.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":260138,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2022\/01\/15\/daughter-in-law-accuses-father-in-law-of-offence-under-s-138-ni-act\/","url_meta":{"origin":255458,"position":5},"title":"Daughter-in-law accuses father-in-law of offence under S. 138 NI Act. Here\u2019s the detailed account of whether father-in-law gave the cheque to daughter-in-law or was it taken without his knowledge || Saket District Court decides","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"January 15, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"Saket District Court, Delhi: Sonam Singh, MM (NI Act) acquitted the accused who was charged with an offence under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act, on finding that he raised sufficient doubt about the existence of a legally sustainable liability. Factual Background Complainant was the daughter-in-law of the accused.\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Saket Court","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/District-Court-Saket.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/District-Court-Saket.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/District-Court-Saket.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/District-Court-Saket.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/District-Court-Saket.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]}],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/255458","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8808"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=255458"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/255458\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/233803"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=255458"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=255458"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=255458"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}