{"id":254732,"date":"2021-10-20T10:58:27","date_gmt":"2021-10-20T05:28:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?p=254732"},"modified":"2023-01-24T13:21:37","modified_gmt":"2023-01-24T07:51:37","slug":"scc-snippets-five-golden-principles-governing-cases-based-only-on-circumstantial-evidence","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2021\/10\/20\/scc-snippets-five-golden-principles-governing-cases-based-only-on-circumstantial-evidence\/","title":{"rendered":"SCC Snippets| Five golden principles governing cases based only on circumstantial evidence"},"content":{"rendered":"

In Sharad Birdhichand Sarda v. State of Maharashtra<\/em>,\u00a0(1984) 4 SCC 116, <\/a><\/strong>the bench of S. Murtaza Fazal Ali, A. Varadarajan and Sabyasachi Mukherjee, JJ laid down the following five golden principles i.e. the panchsheel<\/strong><\/em> of the proof of a case based on circumstantial evidence:<\/p>\n

(1) The circumstances from which the conclusion of guilt is to be drawn should be fully established. There is not only a grammatical but a legal distinction between \u2018may be proved\u2019 and \u201cmust be or should be proved\u201d. It is a primary principle that the accused must be and not merely may be guilty before a court can convict and the mental distance between \u2018may be\u2019 and \u2018must be\u2019 is long and divides vague conjectures from sure conclusions.<\/p>\n

(2) The facts so established should be consistent only with the hypothesis of the guilt of the accused, that is to say, they should not be explainable on any other hypothesis except that the accused is guilty.<\/p>\n

(3) the circumstances should be of a conclusive nature and tendency,<\/p>\n

(4) they should exclude every possible hypothesis except the one to be proved, and<\/p>\n

(5) there must be a chain of evidence so complete as not to leave any reasonable ground for the conclusion consistent with the innocence of the accused and must show that in all human probability the act must have been done by the accused.<\/p>\n

Read more…<\/a><\/h4>\n

\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

In Sharad Birdhichand Sarda v. State of Maharashtra,\u00a0(1984) 4 SCC 116, the bench of S. Murtaza Fazal Ali, A. 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Dudhe\u2020 and Pranay Bhardwaj\u2020\u2020","rel":"","context":"In "Op Eds"","block_context":{"text":"Op Eds","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/op-ed\/legal-analysis\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/MicrosoftTeams-image-74.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":239220,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2020\/11\/16\/pat-hc-judicial-approach-on-the-death-penalty-ought-to-be-cautious-circumspect-and-careful-more-so-because-the-decision-is-permanent-and-irreversible-appellant-acquitted\/","url_meta":{"origin":254732,"position":3},"title":"Pat HC | Judicial approach on the death penalty ought to be cautious, circumspect and careful more so because the decision is permanent and irreversible; Appellant acquitted","author":"Editor","date":"November 16, 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"Patna High Court: A Division Bench of Sanjay Karol CJ. and S.Kumar J., while addressing a death reference coupled with the criminal appeal, discussed several legal propositions, reiterating that, \u201cIt is true that only in the gravest of cases of extreme culpability, the sentence of death must be awarded -\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":298619,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2023\/08\/06\/2023-scc-vol-6-part-5\/","url_meta":{"origin":254732,"position":4},"title":"2023 SCC Vol. 6 Part 5","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"August 6, 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"Criminal Law \u2014 Criminal Trial \u2014 Circumstantial Evidence \u2014 Generally: Principles reiterated relating to essential conditions that must be fulfilled before conviction of accused can take place based on circumstantial evidence. 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State of Jharkhand, (2023) 6 SCC 817] Criminal Procedure Code, 1973 \u2014 Ss. 319 and 164\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Cases Reported"","block_context":{"text":"Cases Reported","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casesreported\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"2023 scc vol. 6 part 5","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/2023-scc-vol.-6-part-5.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/2023-scc-vol.-6-part-5.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/2023-scc-vol.-6-part-5.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/2023-scc-vol.-6-part-5.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":287257,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2023\/03\/20\/circumstantial-evidence-to-be-accompanied-with-motive-and-corroborating-evidence-supreme-court-acquits-men-accused-of-murder-legal-news-legal-research-updates\/","url_meta":{"origin":254732,"position":5},"title":"\u2018Circumstantial evidence to be accompanied with motive and corroborating evidence\u2019; Supreme Court acquits men accused in 2001 murder case","author":"Editor","date":"March 20, 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"The Supreme Court opined that the evidence has to be scrutinized so as to ensure that the totality of the evidence and circumstances relied on, did constitute a complete chain and directly points to the guilt of the convict.","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"evidence","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/MicrosoftTeams-image-787.png?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/MicrosoftTeams-image-787.png?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/MicrosoftTeams-image-787.png?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/MicrosoftTeams-image-787.png?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]}],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/254732","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/121"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=254732"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/254732\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/243203"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=254732"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=254732"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=254732"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}