{"id":253753,"date":"2021-09-06T13:00:20","date_gmt":"2021-09-06T07:30:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?p=253753"},"modified":"2021-09-09T18:46:43","modified_gmt":"2021-09-09T13:16:43","slug":"sc-invokes-s-113-a-of-evidence-act","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2021\/09\/06\/sc-invokes-s-113-a-of-evidence-act\/","title":{"rendered":"Absent direct evidence, SC invokes S. 113-A of Evidence Act to uphold conviction of husband, mother-in-law for abetment of suicide"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Supreme Court:<\/strong> A Division Bench of S. Abdul Nazeer and Krishna Murari, JJ. refused to interfere in the judgment passed by the Gujarat High Court whereby the appellants (husband and mother-in-law of the deceased) were found guilty of committing cruelty to the deceased and abetting suicide committed by the deceased. Noting that although the prosecution failed to adduce any direct evidence to establish that accused abetted deceased into committing suicide, the Supreme Court observed:<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">&#8220;Admittedly, in the case at hands, the evidence clearly establishes the offence of cruelty or harassment caused to the deceased and thus the foundation for the presumption [under Section 113-A of the Evidence Act] exists. Admittedly the appellants have led no evidence to rebut the presumption.&#8221;<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">It was prosecution&#8217;s case that the accused husband constantly asked the deceased to bring Rs 25,000 from her father. On her failure to do so, the accused husband started frequently beating the deceased, and the accused mother-in-law used to pick up quarrel with her on the pretext that she neither knew how to cook nor did any household work properly. The deceased committed suicide by consuming poison at her matrimonial home for the sole reason that she was unable to bear continuous mental and physical cruelty meted out to her by the appellants in a short span of 8 months of her marriage.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The trial court convicted the appellants for offences punishable under Section 498-A (<em>cruelty to women<\/em>) and Section 306 (<em>abetment of suicide<\/em>) of the Penal Code, 1860. On appeal, the High Court confirmed the judgment of the trial court. Aggrieved, the appellants approached the Supreme Court.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">At the outset, the Supreme Court noted that Section 113-A of the Evidence Act, provides for presumption as to abetment of suicide by a married woman within seven years of marriage, by her husband or any of his relative. Section 113-A reads thus: <em>&#8220;When the question is whether the commission of suicide by a woman had been abetted by her husband or any relative of her husband and it is shown that she had committed suicide within a period of seven years from the date of her marriage and that her husband or such relative of her husband had subjected her to cruelty, the Court may presume, having regard to all the other circumstances of the case, that such suicide had been abetted by her husband or by such relative of her husband&#8221;.<\/em> Further, the Explanation added to Section 113-A of the Evidence Act clearly provides that \u2018cruelty\u2019 shall have the same meaning as in Section 498-A IPC.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Considering first the offence under Section 498-A IPC, the Court noted the consistent evidence of witnesses who were related to the deceased. The Court opined that most often the offence of subjecting the married woman to cruelty is committed within the boundaries of the house which in itself diminishes the chances of availability of any independent witness. It was observed:<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">&#8220;The evidentiary value of the close relatives\/interested witness is not liable to be rejected on the ground of being a relative of the deceased. Law does not disqualify the relatives to be produced as a witness though they may be interested witness.&#8221;<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The Court found that the witnesses (family members) though related to the deceased, were natural witnesses. Their evidence was consistent without any material contradiction and inspired confidence. Thus, from the evidence of prosecution witnesses, the Court concluded it was proved that the deceased was harassed with a view to meet unlawful demand of Rs 25,000. The Court held that the prosecution was successful in proving the charge of cruelty under Explanation (<em>b<\/em>) of Section 498-A IPC.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Next, the question that fell for consideration was that the prosecution having successfully established the charge of cruelty as laid down in Explanation (<em>b<\/em>) of Section 498-A IPC and also the fact that the deceased committed suicide by consuming pesticide within seven years of marriage, whether the accused could also be held guilty for the offence punishable under Section 306 IPC with the aid of Section 113-A of the Evidence Act.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The Court noted that the prosecution failed to adduce any direct evidence to establish that the accused abetted deceased into committing suicide. The prosecution placed reliance on Section 113-A of the Evidence Act to establish the charge of abetment against the accused. Relying on its earlier order in <em>Ramesh Kumar<\/em> v. <em>State of Chhattisgarh<\/em>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/qT4ZmNmS\">(2001) 9 SCC 618<\/a>, the Court concluded that to attract the applicability of Section 113-A of the Evidence Act, three conditions are required to be fulfilled: (<em>i<\/em>) the woman has committed suicide; (<em>ii<\/em>) such suicide has been committed within a period of seven years from the date of her marriage; (<em>iii<\/em>) the accused had subjected her to cruelty.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In the instant case, all the three conditions stood fulfilled. The deceased committed suicide within a period of seven years from the date of her marriage and accused had subjected her to cruelty, as it was confirmed that prosecution was successful in proving the charge of cruelty under Section 498-A IPC.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The Court said that it is no doubt correct that the existence and availability of the above said three circumstances are not to be invoked like a formula to enable the presumption being drawn and the presumption is not an irrebuttable one. However, in the instant case, the evidence clearly established the offence of cruelty or harassment caused to the deceased and, thus, the foundation for the presumption existed. Admittedly, the appellants led no evidence to rebut the presumption.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In such view of the matter, the Supreme Court held that the trial court, as well as the High Court, committed no illegality in holding that the appellants abetted suicide of the deceased. The appeals were therefore dismissed. [Gumansinh v. State of Gujarat, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/htZ8D9jd\"><b>2021 SCC OnLine SC 660<\/b><\/a>, decided on 3-9-2021]<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Tejaswi Pandit, Senior Editorial Assistant has reported this brief.<\/span><\/h3>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Supreme Court: A Division Bench of S. Abdul Nazeer and Krishna Murari, JJ. refused to interfere in the judgment passed by the <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":67011,"featured_media":251173,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,9],"tags":[30948,3468,2570,6252,2641,29785,31299,5363],"class_list":["post-253753","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-casebriefs","category-supremecourt","tag-abetment-to-suicide","tag-conviction","tag-Cruelty","tag-evidence-act","tag-husband","tag-law","tag-section-498-a-ipc","tag-supreme-court"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.4 (Yoast SEO v26.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Absent direct evidence, SC invokes S. 113-A of Evidence Act to uphold conviction of husband, mother-in-law for abetment of suicide | SCC 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years after his wife&#8217;s death, a man walks free as SC sets aside his conviction for abetting her suicide based on &#8216;speculations&#8217; and &#8216;inferences&#8217;","author":"Prachi Bhardwaj","date":"October 2, 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"\"The Trial Court and the High Court speculated on the unnatural death and without any evidence concluded only through conjectures, that the appellant is guilty of abetting the suicide of his wife.\u201d","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/Supreme-Court_Colour.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/Supreme-Court_Colour.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, 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end in 2024, after 30 years of suffering.","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"IPC Section 306","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/IPC-Section-306.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/IPC-Section-306.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/IPC-Section-306.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/IPC-Section-306.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":224166,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2020\/01\/13\/del-hc-conviction-under-s-498-a-does-not-automatically-render-the-accused-liable-to-be-held-guilty-under-s-306-ipc\/","url_meta":{"origin":253753,"position":2},"title":"Del HC | Conviction under S. 498-A does not automatically render the accused liable to be held guilty under S. 306 IPC","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"January 13, 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"Delhi High Court: Sanjeev Sachdeva, J., set aside the order of the trial court challenged by the appellant, whereby the appellant was convicted for the offences punishable under Section 498-A\u00a0(husband or relative of husband of a woman subjecting her to cruelty)\u00a0and Section 306\u00a0(abetment of suicide)\u00a0of the Penal Code. The wife\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":201326,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2018\/09\/05\/husband-acquitted-from-charge-of-abetting-wifes-suicide-on-absence-of-instigation-or-provocation\/","url_meta":{"origin":253753,"position":3},"title":"Husband acquitted from charge of abetting wife\u2019s suicide on absence of instigation or provocation","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"September 5, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"Calcutta High Court: A Division Bench comprising of Md. Mumtaz Khan and Jay Sengupta, JJ. partly allowed the appeal of the appellant-husband who was convicted under Sections 498-A and 306 IPC for cruelty and abetting the suicide of the deceased-wife by the trial court. Prosecution\u2019s case was that the appellant\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/calcutta-court.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/calcutta-court.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/calcutta-court.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/calcutta-court.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/calcutta-court.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":248924,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2021\/05\/29\/after-one-year-of-marriage-woman-burnt-to-death-over-dowry-supreme-court-finds-accused-guilty-explains-the-true-import-of-soon-before-under-section-304-ipc\/","url_meta":{"origin":253753,"position":4},"title":"After one year of marriage, woman burnt to death over dowry. Supreme Court finds accused guilty; explains the true import of &#8220;soon before&#8221; under Section 304-B IPC","author":"Prachi Bhardwaj","date":"May 29, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"\u201cWhen the legislature used the words, \u201csoon before\u201d they did not mean \u201cimmediately before\u201d. Rather, they left its determination in the hands of the courts.\u201d","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/sc-2-7.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/sc-2-7.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/sc-2-7.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/sc-2-7.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/sc-2-7.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":51121,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2016\/06\/10\/presumption-of-abetment-of-suicide-in-dowry-death-cases-can-be-revoked-only-in-rare-cases-if-cruelty-has-been-established\/","url_meta":{"origin":253753,"position":5},"title":"Presumption of abetment of suicide in dowry death cases where cruelty has been established, can be revoked only in rare cases","author":"Sucheta","date":"June 10, 2016","format":false,"excerpt":"Supreme Court: Hearing the appeal by the husband and the in-laws of the victim of dowry death against the order of the High Court of Karnataka which had reversed the order of acquittal by the Trial Court, the bench of Dipak Misra and Shiva Kirti Singh, JJ upheld the order\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/Supreme-Court_Colour.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/Supreme-Court_Colour.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/Supreme-Court_Colour.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/Supreme-Court_Colour.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/Supreme-Court_Colour.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]}],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/253753","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/67011"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=253753"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/253753\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/251173"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=253753"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=253753"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=253753"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}