{"id":252796,"date":"2021-08-17T17:30:33","date_gmt":"2021-08-17T12:00:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?p=252796"},"modified":"2022-01-26T11:16:21","modified_gmt":"2022-01-26T05:46:21","slug":"existence-and-mortgageability-of-equitable-estates-in-immovable-property-in-indian-law-i","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2021\/08\/17\/existence-and-mortgageability-of-equitable-estates-in-immovable-property-in-indian-law-i\/","title":{"rendered":"Existence and Mortgageability of Equitable Estates in Immovable Property in Indian Law – I"},"content":{"rendered":"

The following question of seminal importance was referred to a three-Judge Bench of the Supreme Court in Syndicate Bank<\/em> v. APIIC<\/em>, (2021) 3 SCC 736<\/a> : (SCC p. 738, para 1)<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\n

\u201cWhether a property can be equitably mortgaged by depositing documents which may not be title deeds or registered document of title<\/em><\/strong>.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

 <\/p>\n

The Supreme Court did not feel inclined to decide this question since it could decide the case on a narrower issue, and the mortgage of the allotment letter in the facts of that case was enforced on the principle of estoppel.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Had the Supreme Court gone into the above said question it would have found support in Hill Properties Ltd.<\/em> v. Union Bank of India<\/em>1<\/sup>, wherein the right of ownership of a flat was purchased by R-5 therein by becoming a shareholder of the housing company which was providing the flat, to the extent of the value of the flat. The share certificate by virtue of which R-5 was allotted the flat was pledged with the Bank to create a mortgage, in the absence of any registered conveyance of the flat in question : facts which are almost identical to the facts of Syndicate Bank case<\/em>. In Hill Properties case<\/em> it was held that what the said share certificate, which is the equivalent of an allotment letter, creates a \u201cspecies of property\u201d or \u201cspecies of interest\u201d which can validly be mortgaged by deposit of such document with the Bank. The Supreme Court in Hill Properties case<\/em> followed Himmatlal Shah<\/em>2<\/sup>, in holding that this \u201cspecies of property\u201d or \u201cspecies of interest\u201d in the flat, is freely transferable\/alienable i.e. can be sold, gifted, bequeathed, inherited, mortgaged, etc. It was held that this \u201cspecies of property\u201d includes both an independent right over the flat itself, and an undivided interest over the common areas and facilities (see paras 12, 13, 15 and 16 of Hill Properties<\/em>).<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

READ COMPLETE ARTICLE HERE<\/a><\/h3>\n
\n

*The article has been published with kind permission of SCC Online cited as <\/strong>(2021) 3 SCC J-25<\/a><\/b><\/p>\n

\u2020<\/sup> M.A. (Cantab). Associate Editor, Supreme Court Cases. Formerly Visiting Professor of Law at Dr RML National Law University, Lucknow from 2011-2016. The author taught Property Law I and Property Law II full time at RML National Law School for five academic years. The author is grateful to all his students of all the batches at RML National Law School for having provoked the inquiries that have led to this paper and to the forthcoming papers on the issues delineated in this paper. The author is deeply grateful to Prof. Balraj Chauhan, the Creator of many law schools, for his vision and foresight in having given the author full freedom to teach Property Law, to enable students to acquire a working practical understanding of this complex and extremely important area of law.<\/b><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

1<\/sup>(2014) 1 SCC 635<\/a> : (2014) 1 SCC (Civ) 513<\/a><\/p>\n

2<\/sup>(1975) 2 SCC 105<\/a><\/p>\n

3<\/sup> This legal position obtains currently in India and England as well : mortgages can be created in equity.<\/p>\n

4<\/sup> Even though the forms in which a conditional sale mortgage as defined in Section 58(c) TPA and an English mortgage as defined in Section 58(e) TPA are supposed to be created appear to suggest the pre-TPA formula of absolute conveyance of the legal title with right of reconveyance to create these mortgages, the so called absolute conveyance in both sub-sections is only ostensible in nature, and if the stipulated conditions are strictly satisfied, the mortgagor never parts with the absolute title in mortgages created under Section 58(c) or Section 58(e) TPA.<\/p>\n

5<\/sup>(2021) 3 SCC 736<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

by Sudeep Malik\u2020<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8808,"featured_media":252809,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1191,42504],"tags":[46756,11641,6371],"class_list":["post-252796","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-op-ed","category-scc-journal-section","tag-equitable-estates","tag-mortgage","tag-transfer-of-property"],"yoast_head":"\nExistence and Mortgageability of Equitable Estates in Immovable Property in Indian Law - I | SCC Times<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2021\/08\/17\/existence-and-mortgageability-of-equitable-estates-in-immovable-property-in-indian-law-i\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Existence and Mortgageability of Equitable Estates in Immovable Property in Indian Law - 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Jeejeebhoy, (1970) 1 SCC 613, held that the previous proceedings would operate as res judicata only in respect of issues of facts and not on issues of pure\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/DSC_5487.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/DSC_5487.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/DSC_5487.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/DSC_5487.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/DSC_5487.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/DSC_5487.jpg?resize=1400%2C800&ssl=1 4x"},"classes":[]},{"id":332830,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2024\/10\/10\/title-deeds-deposited-security-are-equitable-mortgage-supreme-court\/","url_meta":{"origin":252796,"position":3},"title":"Inside SC\u2019s verdict on mortgage by deposit of title deeds & imposition of Rs. 1.2 Lakhs costs for legal misadventure","author":"Editor","date":"October 10, 2024","format":false,"excerpt":"For such a\u00a0legal misadventure resulting in the\u00a0wastage of precious judicial time of the High Court, which could have been better spent answering the call of justice raised by the teeming millions, the Court imposed costs of Rs.1,20,000\/- on the appellant.","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"mortgage by deposit of title deeds","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/mortgage-by-deposit-of-title-deeds.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/mortgage-by-deposit-of-title-deeds.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/mortgage-by-deposit-of-title-deeds.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/mortgage-by-deposit-of-title-deeds.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":138921,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2017\/06\/28\/right-to-redemption-of-mortgage-is-not-absolute\/","url_meta":{"origin":252796,"position":4},"title":"Right to redemption of mortgage is not absolute","author":"Prachi Bhardwaj","date":"June 28, 2017","format":false,"excerpt":"Supreme Court: While hearing the matter relating to mortgagor\u2019s right of redemption by appellant, the bench comprising of Navin Sinha and Ranjan Gogoi JJ. held that where the mortgaged property has already been put to auction sale and sale certificate has been issued, there remains no property mortgaged to be\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/Supreme-Court_Colour.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/Supreme-Court_Colour.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/Supreme-Court_Colour.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/Supreme-Court_Colour.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/Supreme-Court_Colour.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":204131,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2018\/10\/24\/principles-for-applicability-res-judicata-among-co-defendants-re-iterated-sc\/","url_meta":{"origin":252796,"position":5},"title":"Principles for applicability \u201cres judicata among co-defendants\u201d re-iterated: SC","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"October 24, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"Supreme Court: A Bench comprising of N.V. 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