{"id":251829,"date":"2021-07-28T16:00:10","date_gmt":"2021-07-28T10:30:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?p=251829"},"modified":"2021-07-30T10:52:40","modified_gmt":"2021-07-30T05:22:40","slug":"ocular-evidence","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2021\/07\/28\/ocular-evidence\/","title":{"rendered":"Ocular evidence to be disbelieved only when medical evidence rules out all possibilities of ocular evidence being true: Supreme Court reiterates"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Supreme Court of India: <\/strong>The Division Bench of Navin Sinha and R. Subhash Reddy, JJ., reiterated the value of ocular evidence while reversing the acquittal of the accused.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Instant appeal arose from an acquittal order reversing the conviction of respondents 1 to 4 under Sections 302, 34, 120 B of the Penal Code, 1860 sentencing them to life imprisonment and 15 days imprisonment under Section 135(1) of the Bombay Police Act.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The deceased was assaulted while he was returning on a motorcycle with PW-2 who was the pillion rider.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Acquittal was premised on the reasoning that the evidence of the eye-witnesses PW-2 and PW-10 was inconsistent with the medical evidence, regarding the nature of injuries vis-\u00e0-vis the weapons of offence.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">High Court erred in the appreciation of evidence by failing to take note that the iron rod had a sharp edge by which the injuries on the deceased were possible. It is only if the medical evidence was totally inconsistent with the ocular evidence, the former was to be given precedence.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #008080;\"><u>Analysis, Law and Decision<\/u><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Bench stated that it was not disputed that PW-2 who was accompanying the deceased on the motorcycle, took him to the hospital.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">FIR was lodged barely hours later naming the respondents. There was no time for the witness to consider and ponder for naming the accused except to state the truth.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The respondents were not strangers, but were well known to PW\u00ad2 and the deceased. PW\u00ad12 deposed that the respondents had threatened the deceased earlier also and were compelling him to withdraw the case and would also demand money from him because of which the deceased had shifted from the locality where they all they lived earlier.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Court stated that there is evidence about the availability of light near the place of occurrence. Even otherwise, that there may not have been any source of light was hardly considered relevant in view of the fact that the parties were known to each other from earlier.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Bench expressed that,<strong> Criminal jurisprudence developed in this country recognizes that the eye sight capacity of those who live in rural areas is far better than compared to the town folks. Identification at night between known persons is acknowledged to be possible by voice, silhouette, shadow, and gait also.<\/strong><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Court relied on <em>Nathuni Yadav v. State of Bihar, <\/em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/l9f367o7\">(1998) 9 SCC 238<\/a> with regard to the identification in the dark.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Supreme Court expressed that <em>it is only in a case where there is a gross contradiction between medical evidence and oral evidence, and the medical evidence makes the ocular testimony improbable and rules out all possibility of ocular evidence being true, the ocular evidence may be disbelieved.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In the present matter, Court found no inconsistency between the ocular and medical evidence.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">High Court grossly erred in appreciation of evidence.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #008080;\"><strong><u>Conclusion<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The acquittal by the High Court was based on misappreciation of the evidence and the overlooking of relevant evidence thereby arriving at a wrong conclusion.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Further, the Court stated that the present case was not where two views were possible or the credibility of the witnesses was in doubt. Neither was it a case of a solitary uncorroborated witness.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Conclusion of the High Court was therefore held to be perverse and irrational.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Therefore, in the nature of the assault, Section 304 Part II, IPC has no application.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Supreme Court directed respondents 1 to 3 to surrender within 2 weeks and Director General of Police, State of Gujarat shall take all necessary steps to apprehend the absconding, fourth accused and bring him to justice.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In view of the above, appeal was allowed. [Pruthviraj Jayantibhai Vanol v. Dinesh Dayabhai Vala, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/R0RvwEeH\"><b>2021 SCC OnLine SC 493<\/b><\/a>, decided on 26-07-2021]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Supreme Court of India: The Division Bench of Navin Sinha and R. Subhash Reddy, JJ., reiterated the value of ocular evidence while <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8808,"featured_media":251173,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,9],"tags":[22484,3468,32995,29785,16241,46600,35008,2519,5363],"class_list":["post-251829","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-casebriefs","category-supremecourt","tag-assault","tag-conviction","tag-criminal-jurisprudence","tag-law","tag-medical-evidence","tag-ocular-evidence","tag-pillion-rider","tag-Sentence","tag-supreme-court"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.4 (Yoast SEO v26.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Ocular evidence to be disbelieved only when medical evidence rules out all possibilities of ocular evidence being true: Supreme 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case","author":"Apoorva","date":"November 17, 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"Supreme Court said that a Court of Appeal should be circumspect in overturning its judgment of acquittal, is not a principle that requires reiteration. It has been held time and again that an acquittal will only be overturned in the presence of very compelling reasons.","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"acquittal of 6 convicts","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/testomonis-2.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/testomonis-2.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/testomonis-2.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/testomonis-2.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":125601,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2017\/04\/18\/prosecution-case-cannot-be-negated-only-on-the-ground-that-it-was-a-case-of-group-rivalry\/","url_meta":{"origin":251829,"position":1},"title":"Prosecution case cannot be negated only on the ground that it was a case of group rivalry","author":"Prachi Bhardwaj","date":"April 18, 2017","format":false,"excerpt":"Supreme Court: Stating that group rivalry is double edged sword, the Bench of Dr. A.K. Sikri and Ashok Bhushan, JJ held that when there are eyewitnesses including injured witness who fully support the prosecution case and prove the roles of different accused, prosecution case cannot be negated only on the\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/DSC_5487.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/DSC_5487.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/DSC_5487.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/DSC_5487.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/DSC_5487.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/DSC_5487.jpg?resize=1400%2C800&ssl=1 4x"},"classes":[]},{"id":198340,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2018\/07\/10\/ocular-evidence-is-to-be-disbelieved-where-the-medical-evidence-rules-out-possibility-of-it-being-true\/","url_meta":{"origin":251829,"position":2},"title":"Ocular evidence is to be disbelieved where the medical evidence rules out possibility of it being true","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"July 10, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"Madhya Pradesh High Court: A Division Bench comprising of Rajendra Kumar Srivastava and S.K. Gangele, JJ. allowed the appeal and acquitted the appellant who was convicted under Section 302 read with Section 34 IPC. The appellant was convicted for the murder of the deceased and awarded life sentence. It was\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/MP-HC-JABALPUR.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/MP-HC-JABALPUR.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/MP-HC-JABALPUR.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/MP-HC-JABALPUR.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/MP-HC-JABALPUR.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":365291,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2025\/10\/31\/sc-unlawful-assembly-vicarious-liability-section-149-conviction-murder-case\/","url_meta":{"origin":251829,"position":3},"title":"&#8216;Members of unlawful assembly vicariously liable once common object and participation are proved, regardless of individual acts&#8217;; SC upholds conviction of 3 in murder case","author":"Apoorva","date":"October 31, 2025","format":false,"excerpt":"\u201cThe Trial Court overlooked the consistent and corroborated testimony of injured eyewitnesses and failed to appreciate the legal effect of the active participation of the appellants as members of an unlawful assembly. The High Court, in reversing the acquittal, has given cogent and well-reasoned findings based on a proper appraisal\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"unlawful assembly","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/unlawful-assembly.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/unlawful-assembly.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/unlawful-assembly.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/unlawful-assembly.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":266951,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2022\/05\/17\/in-case-of-discrepancy-between-ocular-and-medical-evidence-ocular-testimony-shall-prevail\/","url_meta":{"origin":251829,"position":4},"title":"Cal HC | In case of discrepancy between ocular and medical evidence, ocular testimony shall prevail; Conviction set aside entitling benefit of doubt","author":"Editor","date":"May 17, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"Calcutta High Court: Bibek Chaudhury, J. allowed an appeal which was filed assailing the judgment and order of conviction passed by the Trial Court for committing offence under Section 324 of the Penal Code, 1860 and consequence sentence of imprisonment for a term of one year with fine. 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