{"id":250611,"date":"2021-07-01T17:00:35","date_gmt":"2021-07-01T11:30:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?p=250611"},"modified":"2021-07-09T10:33:36","modified_gmt":"2021-07-09T05:03:36","slug":"adoption-of-children","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2021\/07\/01\/adoption-of-children\/","title":{"rendered":"Bom HC | Whether adoption can be restricted only to children in conflict with law, or in need of care and protection, or who are orphaned, abandoned or surrendered under provisions of JJ Act and Adoption Regulations? Elaborate report"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Bombay High Court: <\/strong>Manish Pitale, J., while stressing upon the concept of adoption expressed that:<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The practice of adoption has been prevalent since ancient time and in different societies \u00a0the established practices and norms have evolved over a period of time.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">With the advent of democracy and modern form of government, such customs, traditions and practices have found their way in codified law through statutes enacted by the Legislature.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">There are personal laws enacted specifying rules and procedure for adoption, as also secular laws for regulating such procedure.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong>Why the District Judge rejected the application filed by the applicants under provisions of JJ Act, 2015 and Adoption Regulations, 2017?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Since the child in the present matter was neither a child in conflict with law, nor a child in need of care and protection, nor an orphan, nor a surrendered\/abandoned child, the provisions of the JJ Act, 2015 and the Regulations framed thereunder are not applicable.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Bench on perusal of the provisions of JJ Act, 2015 noted that there was a departure from the provisions of the earlier enactment i.e. JJ Act, 2000.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">High Court observed that:<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>JJ Act, 2015, not only intends to take care of children, who are in conflict with law as defined under section 2(13) of the JJ Act, 2015 and children in need of care and protection defined under section 2(14) thereof, but also to provide for and regulate adoption of children from relatives and adoption by step-parent.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong>Court below had adopted a restrictive interpretation of the applicability of the JJ Act, 2015.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Hence, following is to be examined in the present matter:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #008000;\">Whether the above-stated restrictive approach was justified?<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">High Court noted that a perusal of the provisions of JJ Act, 2015 shows that an elaborate procedure is laid down and contemplated for the adoption of a child by relatives, who are also specified under the said enactment.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Further, it was added that if adoption under the JJ Act, 2015, was to be restrictively applicable only to children in conflict with law or those in need of care and protection, such elaborate provisions governing the procedure for adoption by relatives or stepparents would not have been provided.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The applicant&#8217;s counsel as well as the Amicus Curiae are correct in submitting that the JJ Act, 2015, is secular legislation available for the applicants herein to undertake the process of adoption of the girl child.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In the present matter, the child was sought to be adopted by the relatives, who being the maternal uncle and aunt of the child were clearly covered in the definition of \u2018relative\u2019 under Section 2(52) of the JJ Act, 2015.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In the Supreme Court\u2019s decision of <em>Shabnam Hashmi v. Union of India, <\/em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/4JWcDzow\">(2014) 4 SCC 1<\/a> observation was made, about availability of choice to a person to undertake adoption either under the personal law or under a secular legislation, which was a small step towards reaching the goal of Uniform Civil Code, enshrined under Article 44 of the Constitution of India.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Lower court in the instant matter, completely ignored the availability of choice as was observed in the above decision by extremely restrictive and erroneous interpretation to JJ Act, 2015 provisions for adoption of girl child.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">High Court held that on appreciation of the provisions of the JJ Act, 2015 read with Regulations of 2017, adoption of children cannot be restricted only to children in conflict with law or those in need of care and protection or only those children who are orphaned, abandoned or surrendered children.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Therefore, lower court was directed to consider the application afresh on merits under the provisions of the JJ Act, 2015. [Sumed v. Manoj,\u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/P8w9YE5i\"><b>2021 SCC OnLine Bom 955<\/b><\/a>, decided on 30-06-2021]<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong>Advocates before the Court:<\/strong><\/p>\n<div class=\"page\" title=\"Page 2\">\n<div class=\"layoutArea\">\n<div class=\"column\">\n<p>Mrs. Ira P. Khisti, counsel for the applicants.<\/p>\n<p>Mr.F.T.Mirza, Advocate appointed as Amicus Curiae.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Bombay High Court: Manish Pitale, J., while stressing upon the concept of adoption expressed that: The practice of adoption has been prevalent <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8808,"featured_media":74381,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,10],"tags":[3422,35635,45797,2518,25024,31447,29785,34357],"class_list":["post-250611","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-casebriefs","category-highcourts","tag-Adoption","tag-adoption-regulations","tag-adoptive-parents","tag-Bombay_High_Court","tag-girl-child","tag-jj-act","tag-law","tag-relative"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.4 (Yoast SEO v26.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Bom HC | Whether adoption can be restricted only to children in conflict with law, or in need of care and protection, or who are orphaned, abandoned or surrendered under provisions of JJ Act and Adoption Regulations? Elaborate report | SCC Times<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Adoption of Children\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2021\/07\/01\/adoption-of-children\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Bom HC | Whether adoption can be restricted only to children in conflict with law, or in need of care and protection, or who are orphaned, abandoned or surrendered under provisions of JJ Act and Adoption Regulations? 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So this expression \u201cconsent\u201d must be understood as ascertaining its wishes.\u201d","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Muslim Law on adoption","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Muslim-Law-on-adoption.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Muslim-Law-on-adoption.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Muslim-Law-on-adoption.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Muslim-Law-on-adoption.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":318731,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2024\/03\/29\/cross-border-adoption-indian-laws-citizens-uganda-child-adopted-karnataka-hc-legal-news\/","url_meta":{"origin":250611,"position":3},"title":"Cross-Border Adoption situation not envisaged by Indian adoption laws; Karnataka HC directs CARA to consider issuing NOC to child adopted in Uganda.","author":"Sucheta","date":"March 29, 2024","format":false,"excerpt":"The High Court stated that rights of child adopted by Indian Citizens in Uganda, which is a non-signatory to Hague Convention, cannot be left marooned.","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Karnataka High Court","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Karnataka-High-Court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Karnataka-High-Court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Karnataka-High-Court.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Karnataka-High-Court.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":296313,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2023\/07\/08\/no-separate-declaration-is-required-for-adoption-under-hindu-law-sc-legal-news\/","url_meta":{"origin":250611,"position":4},"title":"Never Reported Judgment | Hindu law only requires giving and taking of child with intent to adopt; no separate declaration required: SC [1951 SCC 1050]","author":"Simranjeet","date":"July 8, 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"This report covers the Supreme Court's Never Reported Judgment dating back to the year 1951 on requirements of adoption under Hindu Law.","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Cases Reported&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Cases Reported","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casesreported\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"adoption under hindu law","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/adoption-under-hindu-law.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/adoption-under-hindu-law.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/adoption-under-hindu-law.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/adoption-under-hindu-law.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":299860,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2023\/08\/23\/bombay-hc-quashes-order-child-custody-biological-parents-directs-deciding-validity-adoption\/","url_meta":{"origin":250611,"position":5},"title":"Bombay High Court sets aside order for custody of a minor child back to biological parents; directs Trial Court to decide validity of adoption","author":"Ridhi","date":"August 23, 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"The biological parents first decided to give their child in adoption due to the financial crisis during COVID-19 pandemic but decided to take their son back after discussion with their respective families.","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"bombay high court","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/bombay-high-court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/bombay-high-court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/bombay-high-court.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/bombay-high-court.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]}],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/250611","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8808"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=250611"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/250611\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/74381"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=250611"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=250611"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=250611"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}