{"id":240009,"date":"2020-12-02T09:46:56","date_gmt":"2020-12-02T04:16:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?p=240009"},"modified":"2020-12-11T12:15:53","modified_gmt":"2020-12-11T06:45:53","slug":"all-hc-does-article-12-of-constitution-of-india-covers-private-financial-institutions-under-its-ambit-hc-reiterates-law-laid-down-by-sc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2020\/12\/02\/all-hc-does-article-12-of-constitution-of-india-covers-private-financial-institutions-under-its-ambit-hc-reiterates-law-laid-down-by-sc\/","title":{"rendered":"All HC | Does Article 12 of Constitution of India cover ‘Private Financial Institutions’ under its ambit? HC reiterates law laid down by SC"},"content":{"rendered":"

Allahabad High Court:\u00a0<\/strong>The Division Bench of Naheed Ara Moonis and Vivek Varma, JJ., reiterated the law laid down by the Supreme Court that,<\/p>\n

the private financial institutions, carrying of business or commercial activity, may be performing public duties, but cannot be considered to be covered under the definition of “State” under Article 12<\/a> of the Constitution of India.<\/span><\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Respondent’s Counsel, Abhinav Gaur submitted that the respondent bank raised a preliminary objection that the instant petition is not maintainable as HDFC Bank is a private bank not covered within the ambit and meaning of ‘State’ under Article 12 of the Constitution of India.<\/p>\n

It was stated that the petitioner had taken a commercial loan from the private bank and defaulted in payment of instalments.<\/p>\n

Supreme Court’ decision in\u00a0Federal Bank v. Sagar Thomas,\u00a0<\/em>(2003) 10 SCC 733<\/a> was referred, wherein it was held that:<\/p>\n

\n
\n
\n

“28. …As indicated earlier, share capital of the appellant bank is not held at all by the Government nor is any financial assistance provided by the State, nothing to say which may meet almost the entire since the appellant bank does not enjoy any monopoly status nor can it be said to be an institution having State protection. So far as control over the affairs of the appellant bank is concerned, they are managed by the Board of Directors elected by its shareholders. No governmental agency or officer is connected with the affairs of the appellant bank nor is anyone of them a member of the Board of Directors. In the normal functioning of the private banking company there is no participation or interference of the State or its authorities. The statutes have been framed regulating the financial and commercial activities so that fiscal equilibrium may be kept maintained and not get disturbed by the malfunctioning of such companies or institutions involved in the business of banking. These are regulatory measures for the purposes of maintaining a healthy economic atmosphere in the country.”<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Private Financial Institutions<\/span><\/h4>\n

Bench stated that following the law laid down by the Supreme Court in the above decision that the private financial institutions, carrying of business or commercial activity, may be performing public duties, but cannot be considered to be covered under the definition of “State” under Article 12 of the Constitution of India<\/a>, the writ petition against such entity is not maintainable before the High Court.<\/span><\/p>\n

Therefore, in view of the above-stated settled principle of law, the instant petition was dismissed. [Kailashi Devi v. Branch Manager, 2020 SCC OnLine All 1415<\/b><\/a>, decided on 26-11-2020]<\/p>\n

\n

Advocates who appeared in the matter:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\n
\n
\n

Counsel for Petitioner: Manoj Kumar Mishra<\/p>\n

Counsel for the respondent: Abhinav Gaur<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Allahabad High Court:\u00a0The Division Bench of Naheed Ara Moonis and Vivek Varma, JJ., reiterated the law laid down by the Supreme Court <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8808,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,10],"tags":[33747,44285,29785,44284,24674,5363],"class_list":["post-240009","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-casebriefs","category-highcourts","tag-article-12-of-constitution-of-india","tag-hdfc-bank","tag-law","tag-private-financial-institutions","tag-state","tag-supreme-court"],"yoast_head":"\nAll HC | Does Article 12 of Constitution of India cover 'Private Financial Institutions' under its ambit? 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If such control is factually found, then the body would be\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Allahabad High Court","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Allahabad-High-Court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Allahabad-High-Court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Allahabad-High-Court.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Allahabad-High-Court.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":326847,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2024\/07\/18\/army-welfare-education-society-not-state-service-dispute-between-educational-institution-employees-cannot-adjudicated-writ-petition-supreme-court\/","url_meta":{"origin":240009,"position":1},"title":"Army Welfare Education Society not “State”; Service dispute between its educational institution & employees cannot be adjudicated in writ petition: Supreme Court","author":"Apoorva","date":"July 18, 2024","format":false,"excerpt":"\u201cLegitimate expectation, jurisprudentially, was a device created to maintain a check on arbitrariness in state action. 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Khalid Mujib Sehravardi, (1981) 1 SCC 722 were not fulfilled, hence, the Association is not \u2018State\u2019 within Article 12.","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"orissa high court","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/orissa-high-court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/orissa-high-court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/orissa-high-court.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/orissa-high-court.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":332312,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2024\/10\/03\/state-cannot-fix-quota-percentage-of-admission-in-unaided-minority-educational-institutions-chhattisgarh-hc\/","url_meta":{"origin":240009,"position":3},"title":"\u2018State cannot fix quota or percentage of admission in unaided minority educational institutions\u2019: Chhattisgarh HC declares Rule fixing 50% seats to local minority students as ultra vires","author":"Arushi","date":"October 3, 2024","format":false,"excerpt":"Considering the Rule 4(1)(d)(i) of the Chhattisgarh Ayush Graduate Course Admission Rules, 2023 is ultra vires, the Court directed the State Government to issue necessary instructions with respect to admission in Bachelor of Ayurvedic Medicine and Surgery course in unaided minority institution.","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Chhattisgarh High Court","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Chhattisgarh-High-Court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Chhattisgarh-High-Court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Chhattisgarh-High-Court.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Chhattisgarh-High-Court.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":324848,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2024\/06\/21\/kshetriya-shri-gandhi-ashram-not-state-under-art-12-constitution-not-amenable-writ-jurisdiction-under-art-226-all-hc\/","url_meta":{"origin":240009,"position":4},"title":"Kshetriya Shri Gandhi Ashram not State under Art. 12 of Constitution: Allahabad High Court","author":"Apoorva","date":"June 21, 2024","format":false,"excerpt":"\u201cKshetriya Shri Gandhi Ashram is a regional body. Its parent body is the Shri Gandhi Ashram, Lucknow. There is no statute regulating the functioning of society or providing the State and its Officers with control over their affairs.\u201d","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Allahabad High Court","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Allahabad-High-Court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Allahabad-High-Court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Allahabad-High-Court.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Allahabad-High-Court.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":320538,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2024\/04\/22\/manohar-parrikar-institute-for-defence-studies-and-analyses-is-an-instrumentality-of-state-under-art12-dhc-legal-news\/","url_meta":{"origin":240009,"position":5},"title":"Manohar Parrikar Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses is an \u2018instrumentality of State\u2019 under Article 12 of the Constitution: Delhi High Court","author":"Simranjeet","date":"April 22, 2024","format":false,"excerpt":"An entity is required to be tested on three parameters namely, (a) financial, (b) functional, and (c) administration for its inclusion as \u2018other authority\u2019 in Article 12 of the Constitution.","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Delhi High Court","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Delhi-High-Court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Delhi-High-Court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Delhi-High-Court.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Delhi-High-Court.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]}],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/240009","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8808"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=240009"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/240009\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=240009"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=240009"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=240009"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}