{"id":238419,"date":"2020-11-03T15:20:19","date_gmt":"2020-11-03T09:50:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?p=238419"},"modified":"2020-11-06T11:20:28","modified_gmt":"2020-11-06T05:50:28","slug":"connection-with-agricultural-land-a-must-for-homestead-land-waterbodies-to-come-within-the-purview-of-the-wb-restoration-of-alienated-land-act-1973","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2020\/11\/03\/connection-with-agricultural-land-a-must-for-homestead-land-waterbodies-to-come-within-the-purview-of-the-wb-restoration-of-alienated-land-act-1973\/","title":{"rendered":"Connection with agricultural land a must for homestead land &#038; waterbodies to come within the purview of the WB Restoration of Alienated Land Act, 1973"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Supreme Court<\/strong>: The 3-judge bench of SK Kaul, Aniruddha Bose and Krishna Murari, JJ has held that under the West Bengal Restoration of Alienated Land Act, 1973, homestead land, when included within the meaning of the term \u2018land\u2019 means homestead of the agriculturist and not any or every structure of non\u00ad-agricultural land. The said view was expressed by Calcutta High Court in <strong>Prosad\u00a0Kumar\u00a0Dhara\u00a0v. Kamala Kanta Dikshit<\/strong>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/m65eGkYu\"><b>1982 SCC OnLine Cal 82 <\/b><\/a>and approving the same, the Court said,<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>\u201cThis proposition has been laid down on interpretation of a State Law by the jurisdictional High Court. The said judgment has held the field since 1982.\u201d<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The Court, further, held that even waterbodies like pond or tank should also have some connection with agricultural land or the occupation of the transferor as agriculturist to come within the purview of the 1973 Act.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #333399;\"><strong>Scheme of the West\u00a0Bengal\u00a0Restoration\u00a0of\u00a0Alienated\u00a0Land\u00a0Act,\u00a01973<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The West Bengal Restoration of Alienated Land Act, 1973 contemplates, in substance, return of land to a small landholder in a situation such a landholder conveys the same to raise funds to tide over financially distressed condition. For restoration of the conveyed land, the concerned landholder is required to make an application to the authority prescribed under the said statute. This legislation lays down certain parameters within which a landholder ought to come to invoke the provisions relating to restoration of the land already conveyed by him.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The nature of land to which the said Act applies is defined in Section 2 (2) of 1973 Act. Under the said provision, land means agricultural land and includes homestead, tank, well and water channel. To be eligible for the protective umbrella of this statute, the aggregate holding of the transferor cannot exceed two hectares. The 1973 Act, as originally framed, applied to any transfer made by a landholder \u201cin distress\u201d or \u201cin need of money for the maintenance of himself and his family\u201d or \u201cfor meeting the cost of his cultivation\u201d. There has been subsequent amendment to the Act by which the words \u201cin distress or\u201d has been omitted.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #333399;\"><strong>Background of the Case<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">A deed of conveyance executed on April 26, 1968 and the transferors of the land forming subject-matter of that deed applied for restoration thereof on August 9, 1974. At that point of time, the 1973 Act, as originally framed was applicable. The land forming the subject of the sale transaction included parts of a pond (tank) and garden. It was urged that the subject land was sold in distress. The deed of conveyance showed that the first vendor was effecting transfer for buying other property whereas the second vendor wanted the sale proceeds to be applied for repaying loan obtained for marriage of her sister. The third vendor, also representing her two minor sons and daughter, declared in the deed that the sale was being effected for meeting the educational costs of her two minor sons and also for repaying loans obtained for (i) marriage of her daughter (ii) obtained by her husband and (iii) for buying \u201csome paddy land for our food, cash is required\u201d.\u00a0The purchaser of the land argued that the land in question was homestead non\u00adagricultural land and hence the said Act would not be applicable so far as the subject\u00adtransaction was concerned.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #333399;\"><strong>Calcutta High Court\u2019s judgment in Prosad Kumar Dhara v. Kamala Kanta Dikshit, <b>1982 SCC OnLine Cal 82<\/b><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The High Court held that the 1973 Act did not profess to reopen all transfers of all properties and it was intended to give relief to agriculturists in respect of distress sales or the likes and in the definition clause land has been defined to be limited to agricultural land. Referring to homestead land, the Division Bench took the view that homestead land when included within the meaning of the term \u201cland\u201d in 1973 Act means homestead of an agriculturist and not any and every structure on non-agricultural land. <strong>[Read the full text of the judgment<a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/m65eGkYu\"> here]<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #333399;\"><strong>Supreme Court\u2019s Ruling<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Bose, J, <em>for himself and Kaul and Murari, JJ,<\/em><\/strong> said that <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><em>mere fact that part of the sale proceeds has been utilised for purchasing \u00a0another agricultural land would not per se disentitle a transferor from invoking the restoration provision contained in the 1973 Act<\/em><\/span>, provided of course, the transaction sought to be repudiated otherwise attracts the provisions of the said statute.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Under Section 4 (1)(a) of the Act three situations have been contemplated as alternative conditions to enable a land holder to seek restoration of land already conveyed by him. These are \u201cin distress\u201d or \u201cin need of money for the maintenance of himself and his family\u201d or \u201cfor meeting the cost of his cultivation\u201d. The Court noticed that these are interconnected situations and in the case at hand, the vendors\u2019 reasons for transfer, spelt out in the conveyance deed itself comes within the broad terms expressed in the statute.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The Court said that the substantial part of the sale proceeds was to be applied to meet the maintenance need of the vendors and their family. Fresh purchase of land, covering little over half of the consideration sum received from sale of the subject\u00acland was also for the purpose of maintaining the necessities of the vendors. Hence, it cannot be held the said transaction per se did not constitute distress sale. <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><em>The reasons cited by the vendors for selling the land definitely show that they were in need of money<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>However, on a reading of the orders of the Special Officer, Appellate Authority, and the Tribunal, the Court found that the issue relating to the character of the land conveyed was not raised before any of these three fora. It noticed,<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #800000;\">\u201c\u2026 this question goes to the root of the matter in controversy. But because of this lacuna, we do not think the applicants ought to have been altogether nonsuited from the restoration proceeding, particularly since this point does not appear to have had been raised before the statutory fora by the original purchaser. There is no reflection of such argument in the said three orders. In our opinion, this is a crucial point which should have been determined before foreclosing the applicants\u2019 restoration plea.\u201d<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>It, hence, remanded the matter to the Tribunal with a direction to undertake the exercise of determining the nature of the land with the object of finding out if the same came within the purview of the 1973 Act or not. The Court directed the Tribunal to complete the process of adjudication on this point within a period of four months.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">[Renuka Dey v. Naresh Chandra Gope,\u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/MGiAsYjJ\"><b>2020 SCC OnLine SC 895<\/b><\/a>, decided on 02.11.2020]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Homestead land when included within the meaning of the term \u201cland\u201d in 1973 Act means homestead of an agriculturist and not any and every structure on non-agricultural land.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":121,"featured_media":154914,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,9],"tags":[31812,43953,43954,43955,30254,43952,43516,13911,43951],"class_list":["post-238419","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-casebriefs","category-supremecourt","tag-agricultural-land","tag-alienation-of-land","tag-distress-sale","tag-land-laws","tag-non-agricultural-land","tag-restoration-of-land","tag-sale-of-land","tag-tenancy-and-land-laws","tag-west-bengal-restoration-of-alienated-land-act"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.4 (Yoast SEO v26.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Connection with agricultural land a must for homestead land &amp; waterbodies to come within the purview of the WB 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State of W.B., (2017) 11 SCC 601, had quashed the acquisition proceedings for Tata Motors\u2019 Nano Car project in Singur, Hooghly and directed restoration of land to the original landowners\/cultivators by the State.","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Tata Motors' Singur Land","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Tata-Motors-Singur-Land.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Tata-Motors-Singur-Land.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Tata-Motors-Singur-Land.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Tata-Motors-Singur-Land.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":299552,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2023\/08\/17\/calcutta-hc-restrains-encroachment-of-private-land-by-respondent-authorities\/","url_meta":{"origin":238419,"position":1},"title":"Calcutta High Court restrains Irrigation and Waterways Department from encroaching private land","author":"Ritu","date":"August 17, 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"The Calcutta High Court ruled in favor of the petitioners, finding that the respondents had not acquired the land in question and issued a writ of mandamus to restrain the encroachment.","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"calcutta high court","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/calcutta-high-court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/calcutta-high-court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/calcutta-high-court.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/calcutta-high-court.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":196269,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2018\/05\/23\/no-right-to-pre-emption-for-co-sharers-under-bihar-land-reforms-act-if-the-land-is-non-agricultural\/","url_meta":{"origin":238419,"position":2},"title":"No right to pre-emption for co-sharers under Bihar Land Reforms Act if the land is non-agricultural","author":"Saba","date":"May 23, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"Patna High Court: A Division Bench set aside an order by a Single Judge of the same Court which allowed pre-emptive rights to co-sharers in a property. The appellant purchased a small piece of land from one of the respondents, who since died and was represented by his legal heirs.\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":313997,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2024\/02\/14\/explained-supreme-court-tenants-right-to-pre-emption-urban-immovable-property-punjab-pre-emption-act\/","url_meta":{"origin":238419,"position":3},"title":"Explained | Supreme Court verdict on Tenants right to pre-emption in the &#8216;urban immovable property&#8217; under Punjab Pre-Emption Act","author":"Apoorva","date":"February 14, 2024","format":false,"excerpt":"The notification dated 08-10-1985 limits its application for taking away the right of pre-emption only with reference to sale of land falling in the areas of any municipality.","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"right to pre-emption","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/right-to-pre-emption.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/right-to-pre-emption.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/right-to-pre-emption.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/right-to-pre-emption.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":311583,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2024\/01\/17\/demystifying-the-conundrum-regarding-the-applicability-of-hindu-succession-act-1956-upon-agricultural-lands\/","url_meta":{"origin":238419,"position":4},"title":"Demystifying the Conundrum Regarding the Applicability of Hindu Succession Act, 1956 upon Agricultural Lands","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"January 17, 2024","format":false,"excerpt":"by Kaushal Pandey\u2020","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Op Eds&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Op Eds","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/op-ed\/legal-analysis\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Agricultural Lands","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Agricultural-Lands.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Agricultural-Lands.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Agricultural-Lands.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Agricultural-Lands.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":353977,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2025\/07\/21\/supreme-court-clear-resumption-of-395acre-land-from-hindustan-motors-by-west-bengal-legal-news\/","url_meta":{"origin":238419,"position":5},"title":"Supreme Court dismisses Hindustan Motor\u2019s petition against resumption of 395 acres of land by West Bengal Government","author":"Sucheta","date":"July 21, 2025","format":false,"excerpt":"In July 2022 State of West Bengal had expressed its intention to resume the 395 acres of land and called upon the petitioners to furnish project plan for the proposed EV project detailing requirement of the land and justification. 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