{"id":237949,"date":"2020-10-24T09:12:58","date_gmt":"2020-10-24T03:42:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?p=237949"},"modified":"2020-10-24T09:12:58","modified_gmt":"2020-10-24T03:42:58","slug":"louisianas-statutory-requisite-for-persons-convicted-of-sex-offences-to-carry-an-id-card-branded-with-the-words-sex-offender-declared-unconstitutional-detailed-report","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2020\/10\/24\/louisianas-statutory-requisite-for-persons-convicted-of-sex-offences-to-carry-an-id-card-branded-with-the-words-sex-offender-declared-unconstitutional-detailed-report\/","title":{"rendered":"Louisiana\u2019s statutory requisite for persons convicted of sex offences, to carry an ID card branded with the words \u2018Sex Offender\u2019, declared unconstitutional | Detailed Report"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Supreme Court of Louisiana: <\/strong>While determining the constitutionality of statutory requisite under La. R.S. 40:1321(J) and La. R.S. 15:542.1.4(C) that, persons convicted of sex offences carry an identification card branded with the words \u2018sex offender\u2019, the Court with a ratio of 2:1 held that this requirement constitutes <strong>compelled speech<\/strong> and fails to survive the strict scrutiny analysis of First Amendment, hence the requirement is unconstitutional. Observing thusly, Court upheld the decision of the District Court declaring the aforementioned provisions to be unconstitutional.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong>Facts and Contentions<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong>As per the law prevailing in State of Louisiana (hereafter the State), La. R.S. 15:542.1.4(C) sets forth the penalties for altering a branded identification card and the \u2018obtain-and carry\u2019 provision found under La. R.S. 40:1321(J). The defendant was charged with altering an official identification card to conceal his designation as a registered sex offender in violation of La. R.S. 15:542.1.4(C). Stating that the applicable provisions are unconstitutional, the defendant argued that the impugned provisions violate the First Amendment prohibition against compelled speech. The Defendant also objected to showing others an identification prominently showing the words \u2018sex offender\u2019 because of the social consequences of that message rather than for religious or political reasons.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Per contra, the State argued that the defendant lacks locus standi to challenge the requirement that he carries his branded identification card, <strong>as<\/strong> <strong>he was charged with altering it and not failing to carry it. <\/strong>The State further contended that the defendant\u2019s ID card lacked First Amendment protection due to- the impugned statute regulates conduct, not speech; defendant\u2019s actions fell outside of First Amendment protection because they constituted speech integral to criminal conduct; and, defendant acted fraudulently, and fraud is not protected speech. \u00a0The State also argued that imposition of restrictive measures on sex offenders adjudged to be dangerous is a legitimate non-punitive governmental objective.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The District Court upon perusing the arguments, had quashed the State\u2019s bill of information against the defendant and held that the provisions in question are facially unconstitutional.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The First Amendment provides that the \u2018Congress shall make no law&#8230; abridging the freedom of speech\u2019 and protects against prohibitions of speech, and also against laws or regulations that compel speech.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong>The Majority Opinion-<\/strong>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Genovese and Weimer, JJ., formed part of the majority, with Weimer, J., giving his concurring opinion. The majority found the State\u2019s contentions to be non-persuasive. Referring to the precedents of <em>Wooley v. Maynard<\/em>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/AJj5abBb\">1977 SCC OnLine US SC 63<\/a> and <em>Walker v. <\/em><em>Texas Division, Sons of Confederate Veterans, Inc., et al<\/em>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/hsWB2k31\">2015 SCC OnLine US SC 67<\/a><strong>, <\/strong>the Court deliberated whether Louisiana\u2019s identification is more like a license plate which can be a hybrid of compelled and government speech, or more like a passport. It was noted that identification card branded with \u2018sex offender\u2019 is speech, thus, even though an identification card is government speech, a compelled speech analysis may still be required. Perusing the facts of the case, the majority noted that the defendant is required not only to register his residence, to provide information to the government, but he is also required to display the words \u2018sex offender\u2019 on his ID card which he will have to show to the public while performing everyday tasks. Furthermore, the branded ID card is compelled speech, and it is a content-based regulation of speech that consequently must pass strict scrutiny. While the State certainly has a compelling interest in protecting the public and enabling law enforcement to identify a person as a sex offender, Louisiana has not adopted the least restrictive means of doing so. \u201cA symbol, code, or a letter designation would inform law enforcement that they are dealing with a sex offender and thereby reduce the unnecessary disclosure to others during everyday tasks. As Louisiana has not used the least restrictive means of advancing its otherwise compelling interest, the branded ID requirement is unconstitutional\u201d.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong>The Dissent<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong>Disagreeing with the majority, Cairn, J., observed that The First Amendment sternly limits a state\u2019s authority to compel a private party to express a view with which the private party disagrees. Referring to <em>Johanns v. Livestock Mktg. Association, <\/em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/827Bs4AQ\">2005 SCC OnLine US SC 36<\/a><strong>; <\/strong>the Judge deliberated whether in the present case observers would attribute, or actually have attributed, the speech to the individual rather than to the government. It was observed that nothing about the placement or content of the subject speech remotely suggests it is made or endorsed by the defendant. It declares the defendant is a sex offender. It appears on a state-issued ID card and \u201cPersons who observe designs on IDs routinely\u2014and reasonably\u2014interpret them as conveying some message on the <em>issuer\u2019s <\/em>behalf\u201d [<em>Walker<\/em>]. \u201cNo reasonable observer, when looking at the ID card, will conclude that the defendant chose to promote his status as a convicted sex offender by voluntarily procuring and personalizing a state-issued ID card to declare that information for the world. This case turns on a single determinative question: who is the speaker? Any reasonable observer of the defendant\u2019s state-issued identification card would readily ascertain the speaker is the government, not the defendant\u201d.[State of Louisiana v. Tanzin Ardell Hill, No. 2020-KA-0323, decided on 20-10-2020]<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span style=\"color: #008000;\">Sucheta Sarkara, Editorial Assistant has put this story together<\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>Image Credits: Courthouses.co<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Supreme Court of Louisiana: While determining the constitutionality of statutory requisite under La. R.S. 40:1321(J) and La. R.S. 15:542.1.4(C) that, persons convicted <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":67011,"featured_media":237950,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,12],"tags":[3274,43869,3623,43868,29758,43867],"class_list":["post-237949","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-casebriefs","category-foreigncourts","tag-constitutionality","tag-first-amendment","tag-freedom_of_speech","tag-id-card","tag-identification","tag-sex-offences"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.4 (Yoast SEO v27.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Louisiana\u2019s statutory requisite for persons convicted of sex offences, to carry an ID card branded with the words \u2018Sex Offender\u2019, declared unconstitutional | Detailed Report | SCC Times<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2020\/10\/24\/louisianas-statutory-requisite-for-persons-convicted-of-sex-offences-to-carry-an-id-card-branded-with-the-words-sex-offender-declared-unconstitutional-detailed-report\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Louisiana\u2019s statutory requisite for persons convicted of sex offences, to carry an ID card branded with the words \u2018Sex Offender\u2019, declared unconstitutional | Detailed Report\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Supreme Court of Louisiana: While determining the constitutionality of statutory requisite under La. 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