{"id":237681,"date":"2020-10-18T13:29:54","date_gmt":"2020-10-18T07:59:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?p=237681"},"modified":"2020-10-23T12:46:24","modified_gmt":"2020-10-23T07:16:24","slug":"scotus-providing-dissimilar-treatment-for-men-and-women-who-are-similarly-situated-cannot-stand-in-the-face-of-fourteenth-amendment-and-the-equal-protection-clause-court-while-construing-provisions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2020\/10\/18\/scotus-providing-dissimilar-treatment-for-men-and-women-who-are-similarly-situated-cannot-stand-in-the-face-of-fourteenth-amendment-and-the-equal-protection-clause-court-while-construing-provisions\/","title":{"rendered":"SCOTUS | Providing dissimilar treatment for men and women who are similarly situated cannot stand in the face of Fourteenth Amendment and the Equal Protection Clause: Court while construing provisions of Idaho Code"},"content":{"rendered":"

Supreme Court of the United States (SCOTUS):<\/strong> A Full Judge Bench of Warren E. Burger, C.J. and Lewis F. Powell, Jr., Harry A. Blackmun, William J. Brennan, Jr., William O. Douglas, Thurgood Marshall, Byron R. White, Potter Stewart and William H. Rehnquist, JJ. reversed a judgment appeal of the Idaho Supreme Court.<\/p>\n

Richard Lynn Reed, a minor, had died intestate in Ada County, Idaho, on March 29, 1967. His adoptive parents, who had separated sometime prior to his death, were the parties to this appeal. Approximately seven months after his death, his mother, appellant Sally Reed, had filed a petition in the Probate Court of Ada County, seeking appointment as administratrix of her son’s estate. Prior to the date set for a hearing on the mother’s petition, appellee Cecil Reed, the father of the decedent, filed a competing petition seeking to have himself appointed administrator of the son’s estate. The probate court held a joint hearing and treated \u00a7\u00a7 15\u2013312 and 15\u2013314 of the Idaho Code as the controlling statutes and read those sections as compelling a preference for Cecil Reed because he was a male.<\/p>\n

Section 15\u2013312 designated the persons who were entitled to administer the estate of one who dies intestate, Section listed 11 classes of persons who were so entitled and provided that one of the 11 classes so enumerated was ‘the father or mother’ of the person dying intestate. Under this section then appellant and appellee, being members of the same entitlement class, would seem to have been equally entitled to administer their son’s estate, Section 15\u2013314, however, provided, that<\/p>\n

‘of several persons claiming and equally entitled (under \u00a7 15\u2013312) to administer, males must be preferred to females<\/strong>, and relatives of the whole to those of the helf blood.’<\/em><\/p>\n

In issuing its order, the probate court implicitly recognized the equality of entitlement of the two applicants under \u00a7 15\u2013312 and noted that neither of the applicants were under any legal disability; the court ruled, however, that appellee, being a male, was to be preferred to the female appellant ‘by reason of Section 15\u2013314 of the Idaho Code.’ Aggrieved by which Sally Reed appealed and her appeal was treated by the District Court of the Fourth Judicial District of Idaho as a constitutional attack on \u00a7 15\u2013314. In dealing with the attack, that court held that the challenged section violated the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment and was, therefore, void<\/strong>; the matter was ordered ‘returned to the Probate Court for its determination of which of the two parties’ was better qualified to administer the estate. This order was never carried out, however, Cecil Reed took a further appeal to the Idaho Supreme Court, which reversed the District Court and reinstated the original order naming the father administrator of the estate. Subsequently, Sally Reed thereupon appealed for review by this Court pursuant to 28 U.S.C. \u00a7 1257(2).<\/p>\n

The Court concluded that the arbitrary preference established in favor of males by \u00a7 15\u2013314 of the Idaho Code cannot stand in the face of the Fourteenth Amendment’s command that no State deny the equal protection of the laws to any person within its jurisdiction.<\/em><\/p>\n

The Court further stated that Section 15\u2013314 is restricted in its operation to those situations where competing applications for letters of administration have been filed by both male and female members of the same entitlement class established by \u00a7 15\u2013312. In such situations, \u00a7 15\u2013314 provides that different treatment be accorded to the applicants on the basis of their sex; it thus establishes a classification subject to scrutiny under the Equal Protection Clause and applying this clause Court has consistently recognized that the Fourteenth Amendment does not deny to States the power to treat different classes of persons in different ways. The Court quoted from the judgment of Royster Guano Co. v. Virginia,<\/em> 253 U.S. 412, 415, 40 S.Ct. 560, 561, 64 L.Ed. 989 (1920),<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u2018A classification ‘must be reasonable, not arbitrary, and must rest upon some ground of difference having a fair and substantial relation to the object of the legislation, so that all persons similarly circumstanced shall be treated alike.’ <\/em><\/p>\n

While answering the question in the present case of whether a difference in the sex of competing applicants for letters of administration bears a rational relationship to a state objective that is sought to be advanced by the operation of \u00a7\u00a7 15\u2013312 and 15\u2013314, the Idaho Supreme Court concluded that its objective was to eliminate one area of controversy when two or more persons, equally entitled under \u00a7 15 312, seek letters of administration and thereby present the probate court ‘with the issue of which one should be named.’ The court also concluded that where such persons are not of the same sex, the elimination of females from consideration ‘is neither an illogical nor arbitrary method devised by the legislature to resolve an issue that would otherwise require a hearing as to the relative merits * * * of the two or more petitioning relatives * * *.’ 93 Idaho, at 514, 465 P.2d, at 638. The Court held that \u201cTo give a mandatory preference to members of either sex over members of the other, merely to accomplish the elimination of hearings on the merits, is to make the very kind of arbitrary legislative choice forbidden by the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment; and whatever may be said as to the positive values of avoiding intrafamily controversy, the choice in this context may not lawfully be mandated solely on the basis of sex.\u201d <\/em>Providing dissimilar treatment for men and women who are thus similarly situated, the challenged section violates the Equal Protection Clause.[Sally M. REED v. Cecil R. REED,\u00a0 1971 SCC OnLine US SC 174<\/b><\/a>, decided on 22-11-1971]<\/p>\n

\n

Suchita Shukla, Editorial Assistant has put this story together<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Supreme Court of the United States (SCOTUS): A Full Judge Bench of Warren E. Burger, C.J. and Lewis F. Powell, Jr., Harry <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":67011,"featured_media":32691,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,12],"tags":[43816,29785,32318,38266,3753],"class_list":["post-237681","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-casebriefs","category-foreigncourts","tag-idaho-supreme-court","tag-law","tag-men","tag-treatment","tag-Women"],"yoast_head":"\nSCOTUS | Providing dissimilar treatment for men and women who are similarly situated cannot stand in the face of Fourteenth Amendment and the Equal Protection Clause: Court while construing provisions of Idaho Code | SCC Times<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2020\/10\/18\/scotus-providing-dissimilar-treatment-for-men-and-women-who-are-similarly-situated-cannot-stand-in-the-face-of-fourteenth-amendment-and-the-equal-protection-clause-court-while-construing-provisions\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"SCOTUS | Providing dissimilar treatment for men and women who are similarly situated cannot stand in the face of Fourteenth Amendment and the Equal Protection Clause: Court while construing provisions of Idaho Code\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Supreme Court of the United States (SCOTUS): A Full Judge Bench of Warren E. 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| Lower Court’s order allowing a ballot initiative to collect signatures electronically — Blocked","author":"Editor","date":"August 3, 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"Supreme Court of the United States (SCOTUS): A majority opinion delivered by Chief Justice Roberts and joined by Alito J, Gorsuch J. and Kavanaugh J. temporarily reversed a lower court order which had extended the deadline for a political action committee to gather signatures for a ballot initiative electronically. The\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Supreme Court of The United States","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/supreme_court_of_US.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/supreme_court_of_US.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/supreme_court_of_US.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/supreme_court_of_US.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/supreme_court_of_US.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":232883,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2020\/07\/27\/scotus-allows-federal-executions-first-federal-executions-in-17-years-full-story\/","url_meta":{"origin":237681,"position":1},"title":"SCOTUS allows Federal Executions; first federal executions in 17 years [Full Story]","author":"Editor","date":"July 27, 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"Sucheta Sarkar, Editorial Assistant has put this story together","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Supreme Court of The United States","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/supreme_court_of_US.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/supreme_court_of_US.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/supreme_court_of_US.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/supreme_court_of_US.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/supreme_court_of_US.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":236832,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2020\/10\/06\/scotus-south-carolinas-witness-signature-rule-for-absentee-ballots-temporarily-reinstated\/","url_meta":{"origin":237681,"position":2},"title":"SCOTUS | South Carolina\u2019s witness signature rule for absentee ballots temporarily reinstated","author":"Editor","date":"October 6, 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"Supreme Court of The United States (SCOTUS): In a crucial decision before the upcoming Presidential Elections in the USA, the SCOTUS temporarily reinstated South Carolina's (SC) requirement that absentee ballots include witness signatures. The Court however stated that any ballots cast or received within two days of this order may\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Supreme Court of The United States","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/supreme_court_of_US.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/supreme_court_of_US.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/supreme_court_of_US.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/supreme_court_of_US.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/supreme_court_of_US.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":240396,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2020\/12\/09\/scotus-issues-one-sentence-refusal-to-republicans-seeking-to-overturn-joe-bidens-victory-in-the-state-of-pennsylvania\/","url_meta":{"origin":237681,"position":3},"title":"SCOTUS issues \u201cone-sentence\u201d refusal to Republicans seeking to overturn Joe Biden\u2019s victory in the state of Pennsylvania","author":"Editor","date":"December 9, 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"Supreme Court of The United States (SCOTUS): In a major setback to the Republican Party\u2019s attempts to invalidate the results of recent Presidential Elections, Full Bench of the SCOTUS in a \u201cone sentence\u201d Order, refused a request from Pennsylvania Republicans to overturn Joseph R. Biden Jr.\u2019s victory in the state\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Hot Off The Press"","block_context":{"text":"Hot Off The Press","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/news\/hot_off_the_press\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Supreme Court of The United States","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/supreme_court_of_US.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/supreme_court_of_US.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/supreme_court_of_US.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/supreme_court_of_US.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/supreme_court_of_US.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":208368,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2019\/01\/18\/scotus-court-cannot-override-the-arbitrability-clause-in-a-contract\/","url_meta":{"origin":237681,"position":4},"title":"SCOTUS | Court cannot override the arbitrability clause in a contract","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"January 18, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"Supreme Court of the United States: The appeal lies before the Bench of Kavanaugh, J. The facts of the case were such that the respondent Archer and White Sales Inc. sued Henry Schein for the violation of Federal and State anti-trust laws, seeking monetary and injunctive relief. The contract between\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Supreme Court of The United States","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/supreme_court_of_US.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/supreme_court_of_US.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/supreme_court_of_US.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/supreme_court_of_US.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/supreme_court_of_US.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":208299,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2019\/01\/17\/scotus-burglary-in-mobile-structures-for-overnight-accommodation-included-in-burglary-under-armed-career-criminal-act\/","url_meta":{"origin":237681,"position":5},"title":"SCOTUS | Burglary in mobile structures for overnight accommodation included in \u2018burglary\u2019 under Armed Career Criminal Act","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"January 17, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"Supreme Court of the United States: \u00a0This appeal was filed before the Bench of Breyer, J. The case involved two defendants who were convicted in the Federal Court for unlawful possession of firearms which was violative of \u00a7 922(g)(1) of The Armed Career Criminal Act. Each offender had State burglary\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Supreme Court of The United States","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/supreme_court_of_US.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/supreme_court_of_US.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/supreme_court_of_US.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/supreme_court_of_US.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/supreme_court_of_US.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]}],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/237681","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/67011"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=237681"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/237681\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/32691"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=237681"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=237681"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=237681"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}