{"id":237619,"date":"2020-10-17T11:37:15","date_gmt":"2020-10-17T06:07:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?p=237619"},"modified":"2020-10-23T13:01:30","modified_gmt":"2020-10-23T07:31:30","slug":"del-hc-husband-citizen-and-domicile-of-usa-can-he-raise-objections-on-divorce-proceedings-filed-by-wife-in-india-court-decrypts-the-law-in-light-of-catena-of-scs-decisions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2020\/10\/17\/del-hc-husband-citizen-and-domicile-of-usa-can-he-raise-objections-on-divorce-proceedings-filed-by-wife-in-india-court-decrypts-the-law-in-light-of-catena-of-scs-decisions\/","title":{"rendered":"Del HC | Husband citizen and domicile of USA, Can he raise objections on divorce proceedings filed by wife in India? Court decrypts the law in light of catena of SC&#8217;s decisions"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Delhi High Court:\u00a0<\/strong>A Division Bench of Hima Kohli and Subramonium Prasad, JJ., while observing a matrimonial application, observed that,<\/p>\n<div class=\"page\" style=\"text-align: justify;\" title=\"Page 10\">\n<div class=\"layoutArea\">\n<div class=\"column\">\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The plaint must be read as a whole to determine as to whether it discloses a cause of action.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In the instant matter, the husband\/appellant sought to challenge the Order passed by Family Court dismissing an application filed by him under Order VII Rule 11(a) and (d) read with Order XIV Rule 2(2) of the Code of Civil Procedure.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #800080;\">Quick Glance &#8212; Fact of the Case<\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Husband and Wife had gotten married as per the Sikh rites and Hindu Vedic rites and ceremonies.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Appellant a US citizen had moved to that country with his parents in the year 1994. After the marriage, respondent\/wife applied for permanent resident status.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\">Petition for Divorce<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Appellant\/husband and respondent\/wife came to India with their child, while they were in India, respondent\/wife filed a divorce petition under Section 13(1)(i&#8211;a) of the Hindu Marriage Act.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Husband\/appellant on returning to USA alone filed for a divorce petition in Chicago, USA. He was granted an\u00a0<em>ex parte\u00a0<\/em>divorce on the ground of irretrievable breakdown of marriage.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\">Custody of Child<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Appellant\/Husband also approached the Circuit Court of Cook County, Illinois, USA for the custody of the child which was granted to him <em>ex parte.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\">Writ of Habeas Corpus<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Further, the appellant\/husband had filed a writ petition in Delhi High Court for issuance of a writ of habeas corpus for the production and custody of the minor child.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">On being aggrieved with the above, wife approached the Supreme Court which was allowed with directions to the parties to appear before the Family Court for the decision in regard to the custody of a minor child.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\">Order VII Rule 11 CPC<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Appellant\/Husband had moved an application under Order VII Rule 11 CPC for seeking rejection of the said petition on the plea that the provisions of the Act would apply to persons who are outside the territory of India only if they are domiciled in India.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Since the husband\/appellant was domiciled in USA, only the wife\/respondent was domiciled in India, the Act is not applicable to them.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\">Pre-Nuptial Agreement<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Husband also contended that prior to their marriage, they had entered into a pre-nuptial agreement, hence they will be governed under that.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Family Court had dismissed the application filed by the appellant\/husband under Order VII Rule 11 CPC and stated that appellant\/husband cannot be allowed to selectively refer to the pleadings of the respondent\/wife.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Further, the family court held that it is for the Court to determine as to whether the facts of a case conclusively establish that the respondent\/wife had acquired US Domicile, <span style=\"font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif;\">Family Court rejected the stand of the appellant\/husband that the divorce petition filed by the respondent\/wife is barred by law.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"page\" title=\"Page 4\">\n<div class=\"layoutArea\">\n<div class=\"column\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Counsel for the appellant\/husband Prabhjit Jauhar and Malvika Rajkotia, Counsel for the respondent\/wife.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #800000;\">Analysis &amp; Decision<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">A meaningful reading of the entire plaint must be conducted for the court to satisfy itself as to whether the averments made therein if taken to be correct in their entirety, would result in a decree being passed.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">For the above-stated position, several Supreme Court&#8217;s Decisions were relied on including\u00a0 in <em>T. Arivandandam v. T.V. Satyapal, <\/em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/42T9PDh2\">(1977) 4 SCC 467<\/a><em>, <\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em><span style=\"font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif;\">Popat and Kotecha Property v. State Bank of India Staff Assn., <\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/6GaNlkkU\">(2005) 7 SCC 510<\/a>:<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"page\" style=\"text-align: justify;\" title=\"Page 8\">\n<div class=\"section\">\n<div class=\"layoutArea\">\n<div class=\"column\">\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">There cannot be any compartmentalization, <span style=\"font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif;\">dissection, segregation and inversions of the language of various paragraphs in the plaint.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif;\"><em>Hardesh Ores (P) Ltd. v. Hede &amp; Company, <\/em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/00X7Zlu4\">(2007) 5 SCC 614<\/a>:<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"page\" title=\"Page 10\">\n<div class=\"layoutArea\">\n<div class=\"column\">\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The averments made in the plaint as a whole have to be seen to find out whether Clause (d) of Rule 11 of Order VII is applicable. It is not permissible to cull out a sentence or a passage and to read it out of the context in isolation. Although it is the substance and not merely the form that has to be looked into, the pleading has to be construed as it stands without addition or subtraction of words or change of its apparent grammatical sense.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Court in view of the above observed that,<\/p>\n<div class=\"page\" title=\"Page 10\">\n<div class=\"layoutArea\">\n<div class=\"column\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>A plaint cannot be rejected on the basis of allegations levelled by the defendant in the written statement or for that matter, in an application moved under Order VII Rule 11 CPC.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"page\" title=\"Page 10\">\n<div class=\"layoutArea\">\n<div class=\"column\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The Court must be mindful of the underlying object of Order VII Rule 11 CPC which is to <span style=\"font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif;\">nip in the bud, irresponsible and vexatious suits.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">In the instant matter, it has to be determined as to whether the divorce petition filed by the respondent\/wife deserves to be rejected or not.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Section 19 of the Hindu Marriage Act <\/strong>offers multiple options as to the local District Court where a Divorce petition can be presented. It includes the place where the marriage of the parties was solemnized or where the respondent resides at the time of presentation of the petition or in case the wife is the petitioner, where she is residing on the date of presentation of the petition or where the petitioner is <span style=\"font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif;\">residing at the time of presentation of a petition in a case where the respondent at that relevant point in time, is residing outside the territories to which the Act extends, as contemplated in Section 1(2).<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The Supreme Court decision in <em style=\"font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif;\">Neeraja Saraph v. Jayant V. Saraph,\u00a0<\/em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/axrzY4n6\">(1994) 6 SCC 461<\/a>, brought the need for legislation to protect spouses who had been deserted outside the country, wherein the issue that was highlighted was to protect the rights of women deserted by NRI husbands and faced decrees of the annulment of marriage from foreign courts.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\">Concept of &#8216;Resident&#8217; and &#8216;Domicile&#8217;:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><em>Union of India v. Dudh Nath Prasad<\/em>, <\/strong><span style=\"font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/3Q40e1m3\">(2000) 2 SCC 20<\/a>:<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<div class=\"page\" style=\"text-align: justify;\" title=\"Page 20\">&#8220;27. &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;..The classical division of domicile is well known. There are the domicile of origin, the domicile of choice and the domicile of dependence. There has been little change in the essential concept of these three domiciles&#8230;<\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n<div class=\"page\" title=\"Page 20\">\n<div class=\"section\">\n<div class=\"layoutArea\">\n<div class=\"column\">\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">28. In view of the above, the concept of &#8220;domicile&#8221; as <span style=\"font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif;\">canvassed by learned counsel for the appellants with reference to change of nationality or change of domicile from one country to another, cannot be imported in the present case. Moreover, &#8220;Domicile&#8221; and &#8220;Residence&#8221; are relative concepts and have to be understood in the context in which they are used, having regard to the nature and purpose of the statute in which these words <\/span><span style=\"font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif;\">are used.<\/span><span style=\"font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif;\">\u201d <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif;\">(emphasis supplied)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Bench stated that <span style=\"font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif;\">under <strong>Order VII Rule 11, CPC<\/strong>, the court can only scrutinize the contents of the plaint taken as a whole but it cannot consider the evidence, if any, or the pleas taken in the written statement.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In the instant matter, the respondent\/wife categorically stated in her petition that she wanted to reside in India. <span style=\"font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif;\">After the amendment to the Act in the year 2003 and on insertion of sub-clause (iiia) in Section 19, it cannot be said that Family Courts in Delhi are not vested with the jurisdiction to try and entertain the divorce petition filed by the respondent\/wife.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">High Court held that the <span style=\"font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif;\">appellant\/husband cannot raise an objection to the respondent\/wife initiating proceedings of divorce in India under the provisions of the Act only because he is a US citizen and domiciled in the USA.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"page\" title=\"Page 23\">\n<div class=\"section\">\n<div class=\"layoutArea\">\n<div class=\"column\">\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">In the instant case, the respondent\/wife remains a citizen of India and therefore, is a domicile of India for all intents and purposes. She has chosen to approach the courts in India for obtaining a decree for divorce.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<div class=\"page\" title=\"Page 23\">\n<div class=\"section\">\n<div class=\"layoutArea\">\n<div class=\"column\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Divorce petition filed by the respondent\/wife read as a whole, does disclose a valid cause of action that can be entertained by the Family Court in India.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">No infirmity was found in the impugned judgment. [Karan Goel v. Kanika Goel, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/mk97seV7\"><b>2020 SCC OnLine Del 1319<\/b><\/a>, decided on 12-10-2020]<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Delhi High Court:\u00a0A Division Bench of Hima Kohli and Subramonium Prasad, JJ., while observing a matrimonial application, observed that, The plaint must <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8808,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,10],"tags":[12171,23274,30163,37604,6221,22434,27594,43807,37900],"class_list":["post-237619","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-casebriefs","category-highcourts","tag-cause-of-action","tag-custody-of-child","tag-divorce-petition","tag-domicile","tag-irretrievable-breakdown-of-marriage","tag-order-vii-rule-11-cpc","tag-plaint","tag-pre-nuptial-agreement","tag-section-13-of-hma"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.4 (Yoast SEO v26.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Del HC | Husband citizen and domicile of USA, Can he raise objections on divorce proceedings filed by wife in India? 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Delhi HC answers","author":"Editor","date":"August 1, 2024","format":false,"excerpt":"\u201cThe Court said the Family Court judge was correct in holding that divorce petition could not be rejected merely because a part of the cause of action was not viable in law if the Court otherwise had jurisdiction to entertain the action, and therefore, the application under Order 7 Rule\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Delhi High Court","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Delhi-High-Court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Delhi-High-Court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Delhi-High-Court.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Delhi-High-Court.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":281625,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2023\/01\/14\/set-aside-order-of-trial-court-while-rejecting-husbands-plaint-for-declaration-of-divorce-decree-upon-pronouncement-triple-talaq-legal-news-legal-reseach-updates\/","url_meta":{"origin":237619,"position":1},"title":"Supreme Court&#39;s Triple Talaq judgment applies retrospectively; Andhra Pradesh High Court rejects husband&#39;s suit for decree of divorce","author":"Editor","date":"January 14, 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"\u201cBy the time the judgment is proposed to be rendered on such a plaint, the law available for the Court would be that there was no Triple Talaq. Therefore, the view of the trial Court that the ratio in Shayara Banu's case (supra) is not applicable retrospectively is incorrect.\u201d observed\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Andhra Pradesh High Court","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/MicrosoftTeams-image-491.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":366174,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2025\/11\/10\/mp-hc-condemns-granting-divorce-without-framing-issues-recording-evidence\/","url_meta":{"origin":237619,"position":2},"title":"&#8220;Unjust benefit given to husband&#8221;: Madhya Pradesh HC deprecates Family Court for granting divorce without framing issues and recording evidence","author":"Sonali Ahuja","date":"November 10, 2025","format":false,"excerpt":"\u201cWe are surprised and shocked by the way the Family Court has taken the matter under Order VII Rule 11 of the CPC and given a relief to the husband, which was liable to be given only after framing the issues and recording the evidence.\u201d","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Granting divorce without framing issues","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Granting-divorce-without-framing-issues.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Granting-divorce-without-framing-issues.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Granting-divorce-without-framing-issues.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, 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disclosure of Cause of Action through \u2018clever drafting\u2019","author":"Ritu","date":"February 29, 2024","format":false,"excerpt":"Calcutta High Court stated that \u201cOrder VII, Rule 11 is applicable to the plaint which does not disclose cause of action and not the cases where the plea is non-existence of cause of action.\u201d","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Calcutta High Court","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Calcutta-High-Court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Calcutta-High-Court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Calcutta-High-Court.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, 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