{"id":237423,"date":"2020-10-14T02:09:32","date_gmt":"2020-10-13T20:39:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?p=237423"},"modified":"2020-10-16T11:28:19","modified_gmt":"2020-10-16T05:58:19","slug":"sc-right-to-default-bail-under-the-first-proviso-to-section-1672-crpc-not-a-mere-statutory-right-but-a-fundamental-right","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2020\/10\/14\/sc-right-to-default-bail-under-the-first-proviso-to-section-1672-crpc-not-a-mere-statutory-right-but-a-fundamental-right\/","title":{"rendered":"SC| Right to default bail under the first proviso to Section 167(2) CrPC not a mere statutory right but a fundamental right"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Supreme Court<\/strong>: The 3-judge bench of RF Nariman, Navin Sinha and KM Joseph, JJ has held that the right to default bail is not a mere statutory right under the first proviso to Section 167(2) CrPC, but is part of the procedure established by law under Article 21 of the Constitution of India, which is, therefore,<strong><span style=\"color: #800000;\"> <em>a fundamental right granted to an accused person to be released on bail once the conditions of the first proviso to Section 167(2) are fulfilled<\/em><\/span>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong>Right to default bail<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Explaining the law on grant of default bail, the Court said that so long as an application for grant of default bail is made on expiry of the period of 90 days, which application need not even be in writing, before a charge sheet is filed, the right to default bail becomes complete. It is of no moment that <span style=\"color: #008000;\">the<\/span> Criminal Court in question either does not dispose of such application before the charge sheet is filed or disposes of such application wrongly before such charge sheet is filed.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #333399;\">\u201cSo long as an application has been made for default bail on expiry of the stated period before time is further extended to the maximum period of 180 days, default bail, being an indefeasible right of the accused under the first proviso to Section 167(2), kicks in and must be granted.\u201d<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong>Power of the Court to extend the period of 90 days up to a maximum period of 180 days<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The Court was dealing with the question relating to extension of time from 90 days to 180 days under Section 167 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 as amended by the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act, 1967 (UAPA). It, hence, discussed at length, the scheme of the statutes.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong>Section 167 CrPC<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Section 167 CrPC makes it clear that whenever a person is arrested and detained in custody, the time for investigation relating to an offence punishable with death, imprisonment for life or imprisonment for a term of not less than 10 years, cannot ordinarily be beyond the period of 15 days, but is extendable, on the Magistrate being satisfied that adequate grounds exist for so doing, to a maximum period of 90 days. The first proviso (a)(i) to Section 167(2) of the Code goes on to state that the accused person shall be released on bail if he is prepared to and does furnish bail on expiry of the maximum period of 90 days, and every person so released on bail be deemed to be so released under the provisions of Chapter XXXIII for the purposes of that Chapter.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong>Section 43-D(2)(b) of UAPA<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Under the first proviso in Section 43-D(2)(b), the 90 day period indicated by the first proviso to Section 167(2) of the Code can be extended up to a maximum period of 180 days if \u201cthe Court\u201d is satisfied with the report of the public prosecutor indicating progress of investigation and specific reasons for detention of the accused beyond the period of 90 days.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong>\u201cCourt\u201d under UAPA<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Before the National Investigation Agency Act, 2008 (NIA Act) was enacted, offences under the UAPA were of two kinds \u2013 those with a maximum imprisonment of over 7 years, and those with a maximum imprisonment of 7 years and under. Under the Code as applicable to offences against other laws, offences having a maximum sentence of 7 years and under are triable by the Magistrate\u2019s Courts, whereas offences having a maximum sentence of above 7 years are triable by Courts of Sessions.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">However, this Scheme has been completely done away with by the NIA Act as all scheduled offences i.e. all offences under the UAPA, whether investigated by the National Investigation Agency or by the investigating agencies of the State Government, are to be tried exclusively by Special Courts set up under that Act.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000080;\">\u201cIn the absence of any designated Court by notification issued by either the Central Government or the State Government, the fall back is upon the Court of Sessions alone.\u201d<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Hence, for offences under the UAPA, the Magistrate\u2019s jurisdiction to extend time under the first proviso in Section 43-D(2)(b) is non-existent, \u201cthe Court\u201d being either a Sessions Court, in the absence of a notification specifying a Special Court, or the Special Court itself.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">[Bikramjit Singh v. State of Punjab, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/ufN42oMN\"><b>2020 SCC OnLine SC 824<\/b><\/a>, decided on 12.10.2020]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Right to default bail a fundamental right granted to an accused person to be released on bail once the conditions of the first proviso to Section 167(2) are fulfilled.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":121,"featured_media":154914,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,9],"tags":[2664,35216,6711,13671,43784,43458,43783,37143,30397],"class_list":["post-237423","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-casebriefs","category-supremecourt","tag-Bail","tag-court","tag-criminal-law","tag-criminal-procedure-code","tag-default-bail","tag-nia-act","tag-right-to-bail","tag-section-167-crpc","tag-uapa"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.4 (Yoast SEO v26.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>SC| Right to default bail under the first proviso to Section 167(2) CrPC not a mere statutory right but a fundamental right | SCC Times<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Right to 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It said, \u201cThe history of the enactment\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/Supreme-Court_Colour.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/Supreme-Court_Colour.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/Supreme-Court_Colour.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/Supreme-Court_Colour.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/Supreme-Court_Colour.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":291111,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2023\/05\/02\/incomplete-chargesheet-cannot-be-filed-without-complete-investigation-to-deny-right-to-default-bail-under-section-1672-sc-legal-research-legal-news-updates\/","url_meta":{"origin":237423,"position":1},"title":"Right to default bail under S. 167(2) CrPC cannot be denied by filing chargesheet without completing investigation: Supreme Court","author":"Editor","date":"May 2, 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"The right of default bail under Section 167(2) of the CrPC is not merely a statutory right, but a fundamental right flowing from Article 21 of the Constitution of India, observed the Supreme Court.","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"chargesheet without complete investigation","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/chargesheet-without-complete-investigation.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/chargesheet-without-complete-investigation.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/chargesheet-without-complete-investigation.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/chargesheet-without-complete-investigation.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":261865,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2022\/02\/17\/filing-of-the-charge-sheet-within-stipulated-period-is-sufficient-compliance-u-s-167-of-crpc-sc-rejects-default-bail-plea-of-rahul-modi-md-of-adarsh-group\/","url_meta":{"origin":237423,"position":2},"title":"\u201cFiling of the charge-sheet within stipulated period is sufficient compliance u\/s 167 of CrPC\u201d, SC rejects default bail plea of Rahul Modi, MD of Adarsh Group","author":"Editor","date":"February 17, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"Supreme Court: In a loan default case, the Division Bench of L. Nageswara Rao* and B.R. Gavai, JJ., rejected pleas of Rahul Modi of Adarsh Group and Rahul Kothari of Rotomac Global for default bail on the ground that the Trial Court failed to take cognizance within stipulated 60\/90 days\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/MicrosoftTeams-image-85.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/MicrosoftTeams-image-85.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/MicrosoftTeams-image-85.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/MicrosoftTeams-image-85.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/MicrosoftTeams-image-85.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":275261,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2022\/10\/10\/failureproduce-accuse-while-considering-extension-application-under-section-167-crpc-gross-illegality-supreme-court-legal-research-updates-news\/","url_meta":{"origin":237423,"position":3},"title":"Failure to produce accused before Special Court while considering extension application under Section 167 CrPC a gross illegality: SC","author":"Prachi Bhardwaj","date":"October 10, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"Supreme Court: The bench of Ajay Rastogi and Abhay S. Oka*, JJ has held that under Section 167 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (CrPC), it is mandatory to produce the accused at the time when the Court considers the application for extension\u00a0and that the accused must be informed\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Failure-to-produce-accused-before-Special-Court-at-the-time-of-considering-extension-application-under-Section-167-CrPC-a-gross-illegality-1.png?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Failure-to-produce-accused-before-Special-Court-at-the-time-of-considering-extension-application-under-Section-167-CrPC-a-gross-illegality-1.png?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Failure-to-produce-accused-before-Special-Court-at-the-time-of-considering-extension-application-under-Section-167-CrPC-a-gross-illegality-1.png?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Failure-to-produce-accused-before-Special-Court-at-the-time-of-considering-extension-application-under-Section-167-CrPC-a-gross-illegality-1.png?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Failure-to-produce-accused-before-Special-Court-at-the-time-of-considering-extension-application-under-Section-167-CrPC-a-gross-illegality-1.png?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":250024,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2021\/06\/19\/default-bail\/","url_meta":{"origin":237423,"position":4},"title":"Kar HC | \u2018Default bail\u2019 granted under S. 167 (2) CrPC in case of non-compliance of notice under S. 43-D of UAPA","author":"Editor","date":"June 19, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"Karnataka High Court: S. Vishwajith Shetty, J. quashed the extension order and granted bail under Section 167 (2) Criminal Procedure Code. The instant writ petitions are filed by the accused persons in an FIR pending before the Special N.I.A. Court, Bangalore registered for the offences punishable under Sections 15, 16,\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":237740,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2020\/10\/20\/kar-hc-whether-the-indefeasible-right-of-an-accused-to-seek-compulsive-bail-under-s-1672-crpc-is-defeated-by-the-unilateral-extension-of-time-by-the-court-hc-elaborates\/","url_meta":{"origin":237423,"position":5},"title":"Kar HC | Whether the indefeasible right of an accused to seek compulsive bail under S. 167(2) CrPC is defeated by the unilateral extension of time by the Court; HC elaborates","author":"Editor","date":"October 20, 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"Karnataka High Court: John Michael Cunha, J., while allowing the present application for bail under Section 439 Criminal Procedure Code, 1973 made significant observations with respect to default bail under Section 167(2) Criminal Procedure Code and protection guaranteed by Article 21 of the\u00a0 Constitution of India. \u00a0Brief Facts The facts\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]}],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/237423","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/121"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=237423"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/237423\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/154914"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=237423"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=237423"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=237423"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}