{"id":233057,"date":"2020-07-29T22:00:36","date_gmt":"2020-07-29T16:30:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?p=233057"},"modified":"2023-10-03T15:18:53","modified_gmt":"2023-10-03T09:48:53","slug":"scotus-denies-permission-to-calvary-chapel-to-hold-service-on-parity-of-terms-allowed-to-casinos-draws-strong-dissent-from-4-judges","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2020\/07\/29\/scotus-denies-permission-to-calvary-chapel-to-hold-service-on-parity-of-terms-allowed-to-casinos-draws-strong-dissent-from-4-judges\/","title":{"rendered":"SCOTUS denies permission to Calvary Chapel to hold service on parity of terms allowed to casinos; Draws strong dissent from 4 Judges"},"content":{"rendered":"<div dir=\"auto\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Supreme\u00a0Court of The United States (SCOTUS):\u00a0<\/strong>In a 5:4 decision, the majority\u00a0 comprising of John G. Roberts Jr., Chief Justice, and Stephen G. Breyer, Ruth Bader Ginsburg, Sonia Sotomayor, Elana Kagan, JJ., denied permission to Calvary Chappel, a Nevada church, to hold services on the same terms which were allowed by the State Directive to casinos and certain other facilities. However, strong dissent was registered by the remaining Judges on the Bench &#8211; Clarence Thomas, Brett Kavanaugh, Samuel Alito, and Neil Gorsuch, JJ.<\/div>\n<div dir=\"auto\"><\/div>\n<div dir=\"auto\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">The application by the Church for injunction was denied by the Court in a single sentence:<\/div>\n<div dir=\"auto\"><\/div>\n<div dir=\"auto\" style=\"text-align: center;\">&#8220;The application for injunctive relief presented to Justice Kagan and by her referred to the Court is denied.&#8221;<\/div>\n<div dir=\"auto\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div dir=\"auto\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Alito, J. ( joined by Thomas and Kavanaugh, JJ. in his dissent) observed:<\/strong><\/div>\n<div dir=\"auto\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<div class=\"gmail_quote\">\n<div dir=\"ltr\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><em>&#8220;Constitution guarantees the free exercise of religion.&#8221;<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<blockquote class=\"gmail_quote\">\n<div dir=\"ltr\">\n<p>Constitution says nothing about the freedom to play craps or black-jack, to feed tokens into a slot machine, or to engage in any other game of chance.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div dir=\"auto\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">The dissenting Judges were of the view that:<\/div>\n<div dir=\"auto\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div dir=\"auto\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">The State of Nevada in view of the directive has discriminated in favor of the powerful gaming industry.<\/div>\n<div dir=\"auto\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<div class=\"gmail_quote\">\n<blockquote class=\"gmail_quote\">\n<div dir=\"ltr\">\n<p><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>Attendance at Religious Services (the State Directive)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n<div dir=\"ltr\">\n<p><span style=\"color: #800080;\">Governor of Nevada issued a directive that severely limits attendance at religious services.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\">\n<p>According to the directive, it has been stated that a church, synagogue or mosque regardless of its size may not admit more than 50 persons but casinos and certain other favored facilities may admit 50% of their maximum occupancy.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<blockquote class=\"gmail_quote\">\n<div dir=\"ltr\">\n<hr \/>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><strong>Calvary Chapel Dayton<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n<div dir=\"ltr\">\n<p>The said church wished to host worship services for about 90 congregants with all the precautions being adhered to. But hosting the said worship service would violate the Directive 21 issued by Nevada Governor.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<blockquote class=\"gmail_quote\">\n<div dir=\"ltr\">\n<div title=\"Page 2\">\n<blockquote><p><span style=\"color: #800080;\">Meanwhile, the directive caps a variety of secular gatherings at 50% of their operating capacity, meaning that they are welcome to exceed, and in some cases far exceed, the 50-person limit imposed on places of worship.<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n<div dir=\"ltr\">\n<div title=\"Page 2\">\n<p>Citing the heterogenous treatment, Calvary Chapel sought injunction allowing it to conduct services in accordance with its plan stating the adherence of all the measures required in view of COVID-19 Pandemic.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div dir=\"auto\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000080;\">Disparate Treatment<\/span><\/div>\n<div dir=\"auto\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<div class=\"gmail_quote\">\n<div dir=\"ltr\">\n<div title=\"Page 2\">\n<p>Though the relief was denied, the dissenting Judges were of the view that at the outset of an emergency, it may be appropriate for Courts to tolerate very blunt rules that imposed unprecedented restrictions on personal liberty, including the free exercise of religion. That is what has happened thus far. But State certainly has not shown that church attendance under Calvary Chapel\u2019s plan is riskier than what goes on in casinos.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div dir=\"auto\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<div class=\"gmail_quote\">\n<div dir=\"ltr\">\n<div title=\"Page 2\">\n<div dir=\"auto\" title=\"Page 3\">\n<p><span style=\"color: #000080;\">Carte Blanche<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\">\n<div title=\"Page 2\">\n<div dir=\"auto\" title=\"Page 3\">\n<div dir=\"auto\" title=\"Page 3\">\n<div>\n<div>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800080;\">A public health emergency does not give Governors and other public officials carte blanche to disregard the Constitution for as long as the medical problem persists.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\">\n<div title=\"Page 2\">\n<div dir=\"auto\" title=\"Page 3\">\n<div dir=\"auto\" title=\"Page 3\">\n<div>\n<div>\n<p>The dissenting Judges noted that the\u00a0problem is no longer one of exigency, but one of considered yet discriminatory treatment of places of worship.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\">\n<div title=\"Page 2\">\n<div dir=\"auto\" title=\"Page 3\">\n<div dir=\"auto\" title=\"Page 3\">\n<div>\n<div>\n<div title=\"Page 7\">\n<div>\n<div>\n<p>While the directive\u2019s treatment of casinos stands out, other facilities are also given more favorable treatment than houses of worship.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<blockquote class=\"gmail_quote\">\n<div dir=\"ltr\">\n<div title=\"Page 2\">\n<div dir=\"auto\" title=\"Page 3\">\n<div dir=\"auto\" title=\"Page 3\">\n<div>\n<div>\n<div title=\"Page 7\">\n<div>\n<div>\n<div title=\"Page 7\">\n<div>\n<div>\n<blockquote><p>&#8220;&#8230;while Calvary Chapel cannot admit more than 50 congregants even if families sit six feet apart, spectators at a bowling tournament can sit together in groups of 50 provided that each group maintains social distancing from other groups.&#8221;<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n<div dir=\"ltr\">\n<div title=\"Page 2\">\n<div dir=\"auto\" title=\"Page 3\">\n<div dir=\"auto\" title=\"Page 3\">\n<div>\n<div>\n<div title=\"Page 4\">\n<div>\n<div>\n<div title=\"Page 7\">\n<div>\n<div>\n<p>The directive blatantly discriminates against houses of worship and thus warrants strict scrutiny under the Free Exercise Clause.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div dir=\"auto\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Observations of dissenting Judges:<\/div>\n<div dir=\"auto\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div dir=\"auto\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Alito, J.,<\/strong>\u00a0who was joined by Thomas and Kavanaugh, JJ., placing a dissenting opinion, stated that\u00a0preventing congregants from worshipping will cause irreparable harm, and the State has made no effort to show that Calvary Chapel\u2019s plans would create a serious public health risk.<\/div>\n<div dir=\"auto\">\n<div class=\"gmail_quote\">\n<div dir=\"ltr\">\n<div title=\"Page 2\">\n<div dir=\"auto\" title=\"Page 3\">\n<div dir=\"auto\" title=\"Page 3\">\n<div dir=\"auto\" title=\"Page 4\">\n<div dir=\"auto\" title=\"Page 7\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">He suggested, the idea that \u201callowing Calvary Chapel to admit 90 worshippers presents a greater public health risk than allowing casinos to operate at 50% capacity is hard to swallow\u201d: For casinos, operating at 50% is likely to mean thousands of people, standing close together and drinking alcohol, which requires them to take off their masks.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\">\n<div title=\"Page 2\">\n<div dir=\"auto\" title=\"Page 3\">\n<div dir=\"auto\" title=\"Page 3\">\n<div dir=\"auto\" title=\"Page 4\">\n<div dir=\"auto\" title=\"Page 7\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Gorsuch, J.,\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong>dissenting from denial of application for injunctive relief, stated that,<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<blockquote class=\"gmail_quote\">\n<div dir=\"ltr\">\n<div title=\"Page 2\">\n<div dir=\"auto\" title=\"Page 3\">\n<div dir=\"auto\" title=\"Page 3\">\n<div dir=\"auto\" title=\"Page 4\">\n<div dir=\"auto\" title=\"Page 7\">\n<blockquote><p>&#8220;In Nevada, it seems, it is better to be in entertainment than religion.&#8221;<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n<div dir=\"ltr\">\n<div title=\"Page 2\">\n<div dir=\"auto\" title=\"Page 3\">\n<div dir=\"auto\" title=\"Page 3\">\n<div dir=\"auto\" title=\"Page 4\">\n<div dir=\"auto\" title=\"Page 7\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">But the 1st Amendment prohibits such obvious discrimination against the exercise of religion.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<blockquote class=\"gmail_quote\">\n<div dir=\"ltr\">\n<div title=\"Page 2\">\n<div dir=\"auto\" title=\"Page 3\">\n<div dir=\"auto\" title=\"Page 3\">\n<div dir=\"auto\" title=\"Page 4\">\n<div dir=\"auto\" title=\"Page 7\">\n<blockquote><p>&#8220;&#8230;there is no world in which the Constitution permits Nevada to favor Caesars Palace over Calvary Chapel.&#8221;<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n<div dir=\"ltr\">\n<div title=\"Page 2\">\n<div dir=\"auto\" title=\"Page 3\">\n<div dir=\"auto\" title=\"Page 3\">\n<div dir=\"auto\" title=\"Page 4\">\n<div dir=\"auto\" title=\"Page 7\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Kavanaugh, J.,\u00a0<\/strong>adding to Alito, J.&#8217;s dissent, stated that Nevada&#8217;s discrimination against religious services violates the Constitution.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div dir=\"ltr\">\n<div title=\"Page 2\">\n<div dir=\"auto\" title=\"Page 3\">\n<div dir=\"auto\" title=\"Page 3\">\n<div dir=\"auto\" title=\"Page 4\">\n<div dir=\"auto\" title=\"Page 7\">\n<div dir=\"auto\" title=\"Page 13\">\n<div>\n<div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Risk of COVID\u201319 transmission is at least as high at restaurants, bars, casinos, and gyms as it is at religious services. Indeed, people congregating in restaurants, bars, casinos, and gyms often linger at least as long as they do at religious services. And given the safety measures that Calvary Chapel and other places of worship are following\u2014including social distancing, mask wearing, and certain additional voluntary measures\u2014it is evident that people interact with others at restaurants, bars, casinos, and gyms at least as closely as they do at religious services.<span style=\"font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif;\">[Calvary Chapel Dayton Valey v. Steve Sisolak, Governor of Nevada, 591 US __ (2020), decided on 24-7-2020]<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Supreme\u00a0Court of The United States (SCOTUS):\u00a0In a 5:4 decision, the majority\u00a0 comprising of John G. Roberts Jr., Chief Justice, and Stephen G. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8808,"featured_media":32691,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,12],"tags":[42828,41753,35216,39924,4991,42829,39418,2647,30014,40048,42827],"class_list":["post-233057","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-casebriefs","category-foreigncourts","tag-casinos","tag-church","tag-court","tag-covid-19","tag-discrimination","tag-gaming-industry","tag-public-health-emergency","tag-religion","tag-scotus","tag-social-distancing","tag-worship"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.4 (Yoast SEO v26.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>SCOTUS denies permission to Calvary Chapel to hold service on parity of terms allowed to casinos; Draws strong dissent from 4 Judges | SCC Times<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2020\/07\/29\/scotus-denies-permission-to-calvary-chapel-to-hold-service-on-parity-of-terms-allowed-to-casinos-draws-strong-dissent-from-4-judges\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"SCOTUS denies permission to Calvary Chapel to hold service on parity of terms allowed to casinos; Draws strong dissent from 4 Judges\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Supreme\u00a0Court of The United States (SCOTUS):\u00a0In a 5:4 decision, the majority\u00a0 comprising of John G. 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The\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Supreme Court of The United States","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/supreme_court_of_US.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/supreme_court_of_US.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/supreme_court_of_US.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/supreme_court_of_US.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/supreme_court_of_US.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":269034,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2022\/06\/25\/scotus-united-states-supreme-court-right-to-abortion-not-constitutional-right-roe-wade-overruled-legal-updates-research-news\/","url_meta":{"origin":233057,"position":5},"title":"SCOTUS| United States\u2019 Constitution does not confer any right to abortion; Roe v. 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