{"id":232302,"date":"2020-07-16T10:00:02","date_gmt":"2020-07-16T04:30:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?p=232302"},"modified":"2020-07-16T10:13:02","modified_gmt":"2020-07-16T04:43:02","slug":"canada-sc-parliament-of-canada-has-power-to-criminalise-actions-such-as-forced-genetic-testing-or-disclosure-of-a-persons-genetic-test-results-without-their-consent-as-a-condition-of-obtai","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2020\/07\/16\/canada-sc-parliament-of-canada-has-power-to-criminalise-actions-such-as-forced-genetic-testing-or-disclosure-of-a-persons-genetic-test-results-without-their-consent-as-a-condition-of-obtai\/","title":{"rendered":"Canada SC | Parliament of Canada has power to criminalise forced genetic testing or disclosure of a person\u2019s genetic test results without their consent"},"content":{"rendered":"

Supreme Court of Canada: <\/b>While deciding the issues of constitutional validity of Genetic Non-Discrimination Act, S.C. 2017 criminalising compulsory genetic testing and non-voluntary use or disclosure of genetic test results in context of wide range of activities and Parliament\u2019s jurisdiction over criminal law; a 9 Judge Bench of the Court with a ratio of 5:4 upheld the constitutionality of the 2017 Act, observing that <\/span>Parliament has the power to criminalise actions such as forced genetic testing or disclosure of a person\u2019s existing genetic test results <\/b><\/span>as a condition<\/span> of obtaining access to goods, services and contracts. <\/span><\/p>\n

The Canadian Parliament enacted the Genetic Non-Discrimination Act, 2017 with the objective of establishing<\/span> prohibitions relating to genetic tests. As per the legislation,\u00a0 <\/span>individuals and corporations cannot force people to take genetic tests or disclose genetic test results as a condition of obtaining access to goods, services and contracts; cannot refuse an individual access to goods, services and contracts because they have refused to take a genetic test or\u00a0 <\/span>disclose the results of a genetic test; and cannot use individuals\u2019 genetic test results without their written consent in the areas of contracting and the provision of goods and services. The Legislation also amended the Canadian Human Rights Act <\/i>to add genetic characteristics as a prohibited ground of discrimination. The Government of Quebec objected on the ground that Sections 1 to 7 of the 2017 Act exceeded Parliament\u2019s authority over criminal law under Section 91(27) of the Constitution Act, 1867.<\/span><\/p>\n

The majority comprising of Karakatsanis, Abella, Martin, Moldaver and C\u00f4t\u00e9, JJ., looked into the pith and substance of the legislation in question. They observed that while determining whether a law falls within the authority of Parliament\/ Provincial Legislature, a Court must first characterize the law and then, based on that characterization, classify the law by reference to the federal and provincial heads of power under the Constitution. The title of the Act and the text of the prohibitions provide strong evidence of objective of combatting genetic discrimination and the fear of genetic discrimination based on the results of genetic tests. The provisions of the Act do not target a particular activity or industry, but instead targets the conduct that enables genetic discrimination. It was further observed that Section 91(27) of the Constitution Act, 1867, gives Parliament the exclusive authority to make laws in relation to the criminal law. The majority noted that, \u201cthe essential character of the prohibitions in the 2017 Act <\/i>represents the Parliament\u2019s response to the risk of harm that the prohibited conduct i.e. genetic discrimination and the fear of genetic discrimination based on genetic test results pose to several public interests traditionally protected by the criminal law- autonomy, privacy, equality and public health\u201d. Genetic discrimination threatens the fundamental social value of equality by stigmatizing and imposing adverse treatment on individuals because of their inherited, immutable genetic characteristics. Thus in pith and substance, the Legislation is a response to the risk of harm that the prohibited conduct and discrimination based on genetic test results, pose to autonomy, privacy and equality. The dissenting opinion was delivered by Wagner C.J. and Brown, Rowe and Kasirer JJ. [Canadian Coalition for Genetic Fairness <\/b>v. <\/b>Attorney General of Canada, 2020 SCC 17, <\/b>decided on 10-07-2020] <\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sucheta Sarkar, Editorial Assistant has put this story together<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":67011,"featured_media":32072,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,12],"tags":[8731,42545,42546,42547,42544,42548,11761],"class_list":["post-232302","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-casebriefs","category-foreigncourts","tag-constitutional-validity","tag-genetic-discrimination","tag-genetic-non-discrimination-act","tag-genetic-test-results","tag-genetic-testing","tag-parliament-of-canada","tag-public-interest"],"yoast_head":"\nCanada SC | Parliament of Canada has power to criminalise forced genetic testing or disclosure of a person\u2019s genetic test results without their consent | SCC Times<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2020\/07\/16\/canada-sc-parliament-of-canada-has-power-to-criminalise-actions-such-as-forced-genetic-testing-or-disclosure-of-a-persons-genetic-test-results-without-their-consent-as-a-condition-of-obtai\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Canada SC | Parliament of Canada has power to criminalise forced genetic testing or disclosure of a person\u2019s genetic test results without their consent\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Sucheta Sarkar, Editorial Assistant has put this story together\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2020\/07\/16\/canada-sc-parliament-of-canada-has-power-to-criminalise-actions-such-as-forced-genetic-testing-or-disclosure-of-a-persons-genetic-test-results-without-their-consent-as-a-condition-of-obtai\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"SCC Times\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/scc.online\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-07-16T04:30:02+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2020-07-16T04:43:02+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/supreme_court_of_canada.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1330\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"887\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Editor\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Editor\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2020\/07\/16\/canada-sc-parliament-of-canada-has-power-to-criminalise-actions-such-as-forced-genetic-testing-or-disclosure-of-a-persons-genetic-test-results-without-their-consent-as-a-condition-of-obtai\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2020\/07\/16\/canada-sc-parliament-of-canada-has-power-to-criminalise-actions-such-as-forced-genetic-testing-or-disclosure-of-a-persons-genetic-test-results-without-their-consent-as-a-condition-of-obtai\/\",\"name\":\"Canada SC | Parliament of Canada has power to criminalise forced genetic testing or disclosure of a person\u2019s genetic test results without their consent | SCC Times\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2020\/07\/16\/canada-sc-parliament-of-canada-has-power-to-criminalise-actions-such-as-forced-genetic-testing-or-disclosure-of-a-persons-genetic-test-results-without-their-consent-as-a-condition-of-obtai\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2020\/07\/16\/canada-sc-parliament-of-canada-has-power-to-criminalise-actions-such-as-forced-genetic-testing-or-disclosure-of-a-persons-genetic-test-results-without-their-consent-as-a-condition-of-obtai\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/supreme_court_of_canada.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-07-16T04:30:02+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2020-07-16T04:43:02+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/84e42bab48238baf12c7e33b3d9761fe\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2020\/07\/16\/canada-sc-parliament-of-canada-has-power-to-criminalise-actions-such-as-forced-genetic-testing-or-disclosure-of-a-persons-genetic-test-results-without-their-consent-as-a-condition-of-obtai\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2020\/07\/16\/canada-sc-parliament-of-canada-has-power-to-criminalise-actions-such-as-forced-genetic-testing-or-disclosure-of-a-persons-genetic-test-results-without-their-consent-as-a-condition-of-obtai\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2020\/07\/16\/canada-sc-parliament-of-canada-has-power-to-criminalise-actions-such-as-forced-genetic-testing-or-disclosure-of-a-persons-genetic-test-results-without-their-consent-as-a-condition-of-obtai\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/supreme_court_of_canada.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/supreme_court_of_canada.jpg\",\"width\":1330,\"height\":887,\"caption\":\"Canada SC\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2020\/07\/16\/canada-sc-parliament-of-canada-has-power-to-criminalise-actions-such-as-forced-genetic-testing-or-disclosure-of-a-persons-genetic-test-results-without-their-consent-as-a-condition-of-obtai\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Canada SC | Parliament of Canada has power to criminalise forced genetic testing or disclosure of a person\u2019s genetic test results without their consent\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/\",\"name\":\"SCC Times\",\"description\":\"Bringing you the Best Analytical Legal News\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/84e42bab48238baf12c7e33b3d9761fe\",\"name\":\"Editor\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/34e366be721c41333586de05faa13743195f5b142dcd7a015c6fabd2389521d0?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/34e366be721c41333586de05faa13743195f5b142dcd7a015c6fabd2389521d0?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Editor\"},\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/author\/editor_4\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Canada SC | Parliament of Canada has power to criminalise forced genetic testing or disclosure of a person\u2019s genetic test results without their consent | SCC Times","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2020\/07\/16\/canada-sc-parliament-of-canada-has-power-to-criminalise-actions-such-as-forced-genetic-testing-or-disclosure-of-a-persons-genetic-test-results-without-their-consent-as-a-condition-of-obtai\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Canada SC | Parliament of Canada has power to criminalise forced genetic testing or disclosure of a person\u2019s genetic test results without their consent","og_description":"Sucheta Sarkar, Editorial Assistant has put this story together","og_url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2020\/07\/16\/canada-sc-parliament-of-canada-has-power-to-criminalise-actions-such-as-forced-genetic-testing-or-disclosure-of-a-persons-genetic-test-results-without-their-consent-as-a-condition-of-obtai\/","og_site_name":"SCC Times","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/scc.online\/","article_published_time":"2020-07-16T04:30:02+00:00","article_modified_time":"2020-07-16T04:43:02+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1330,"height":887,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/supreme_court_of_canada.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Editor","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Editor","Est. reading time":"3 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2020\/07\/16\/canada-sc-parliament-of-canada-has-power-to-criminalise-actions-such-as-forced-genetic-testing-or-disclosure-of-a-persons-genetic-test-results-without-their-consent-as-a-condition-of-obtai\/","url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2020\/07\/16\/canada-sc-parliament-of-canada-has-power-to-criminalise-actions-such-as-forced-genetic-testing-or-disclosure-of-a-persons-genetic-test-results-without-their-consent-as-a-condition-of-obtai\/","name":"Canada SC | Parliament of Canada has power to criminalise forced genetic testing or disclosure of a person\u2019s genetic test results without their consent | SCC Times","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2020\/07\/16\/canada-sc-parliament-of-canada-has-power-to-criminalise-actions-such-as-forced-genetic-testing-or-disclosure-of-a-persons-genetic-test-results-without-their-consent-as-a-condition-of-obtai\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2020\/07\/16\/canada-sc-parliament-of-canada-has-power-to-criminalise-actions-such-as-forced-genetic-testing-or-disclosure-of-a-persons-genetic-test-results-without-their-consent-as-a-condition-of-obtai\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/supreme_court_of_canada.jpg","datePublished":"2020-07-16T04:30:02+00:00","dateModified":"2020-07-16T04:43:02+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/84e42bab48238baf12c7e33b3d9761fe"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2020\/07\/16\/canada-sc-parliament-of-canada-has-power-to-criminalise-actions-such-as-forced-genetic-testing-or-disclosure-of-a-persons-genetic-test-results-without-their-consent-as-a-condition-of-obtai\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2020\/07\/16\/canada-sc-parliament-of-canada-has-power-to-criminalise-actions-such-as-forced-genetic-testing-or-disclosure-of-a-persons-genetic-test-results-without-their-consent-as-a-condition-of-obtai\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2020\/07\/16\/canada-sc-parliament-of-canada-has-power-to-criminalise-actions-such-as-forced-genetic-testing-or-disclosure-of-a-persons-genetic-test-results-without-their-consent-as-a-condition-of-obtai\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/supreme_court_of_canada.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/supreme_court_of_canada.jpg","width":1330,"height":887,"caption":"Canada SC"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2020\/07\/16\/canada-sc-parliament-of-canada-has-power-to-criminalise-actions-such-as-forced-genetic-testing-or-disclosure-of-a-persons-genetic-test-results-without-their-consent-as-a-condition-of-obtai\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Canada SC | Parliament of Canada has power to criminalise forced genetic testing or disclosure of a person\u2019s genetic test results without their consent"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/","name":"SCC Times","description":"Bringing you the Best Analytical Legal News","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/84e42bab48238baf12c7e33b3d9761fe","name":"Editor","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/34e366be721c41333586de05faa13743195f5b142dcd7a015c6fabd2389521d0?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/34e366be721c41333586de05faa13743195f5b142dcd7a015c6fabd2389521d0?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Editor"},"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/author\/editor_4\/"}]}},"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/supreme_court_of_canada.jpg","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":259549,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2022\/01\/05\/us-california-genetic-information-privacy-act-takes-effect\/","url_meta":{"origin":232302,"position":0},"title":"US- California | Genetic Information Privacy Act comes into effect","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"January 5, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"On January 01, 2022, the Senate Bill ('SB') 41 which establishes the Genetic Information Privacy Act entered into effect, following its approval by the California Governor on 6 October 2021. Applicability: The Act applies to direct-to-consumer genetic testing companies. Key Features: Direct-to-consumer genetic testing company must: Provide clear and complete\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Foreign Legislation"","block_context":{"text":"Foreign Legislation","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/legislationupdates\/foreign\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/privacy.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/privacy.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/privacy.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/privacy.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/privacy.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":254280,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2021\/09\/16\/us-california-senate-passes-bill-on-genetic-testing-companies\/","url_meta":{"origin":232302,"position":1},"title":"US- California| Senate passes bill on genetic testing companies","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"September 16, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"On September 08, 2021, the California State Senate passed Senate Bill (SB-41) on genetic testing companies' data practices. Key highlights: Genetic data has been defined as (A) any data, regardless of its format, that results from the analysis of a biological sample from a consumer, or from another element enabling\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Foreign Legislation"","block_context":{"text":"Foreign Legislation","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/legislationupdates\/foreign\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Genetic-testing.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Genetic-testing.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Genetic-testing.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Genetic-testing.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Genetic-testing.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":254723,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2021\/09\/25\/usa-california-bill-establishing-genetic-information-privacy-act-gipa-passed-by-senate-and-awaiting-governors-assent\/","url_meta":{"origin":232302,"position":2},"title":"USA-California | Bill establishing Genetic Information Privacy Act (GIPA) passed by Senate and awaiting Governor\u2019s assent","author":"Prachi Bhardwaj","date":"September 25, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"The Government of California has passed Senate Bill 41 on September 9, 2021. The Bill seeks to establish Genetic Information Privacy Act (GIPA). The Bill is awaiting Governor Newsom\u2019s assent and once signed, it will come into force on January 1, 2022. The GIPA will enforce privacy requirements on direct-to-consumer\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Foreign Legislation"","block_context":{"text":"Foreign Legislation","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/legislationupdates\/foreign\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/privacy.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/privacy.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/privacy.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/privacy.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/privacy.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":193224,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2018\/03\/01\/discrimination-health-insurance-individuals-based-genetic-disposition-unconstitutional\/","url_meta":{"origin":232302,"position":3},"title":"Discrimination in health insurance against individuals based on their genetic disposition, is unconstitutional","author":"Saba","date":"March 1, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"Delhi High Court: While deciding the issue that whether persons having genetic disorders can be discriminated against in the context of health insurance, the Bench of Prathiba M. Singh, J., held that right to avail health insurance is an integral part of the Right to Healthcare and the Right to\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":371601,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2026\/01\/05\/genetic-data-protection-dpdpa-india-compliance-analysis\/","url_meta":{"origin":232302,"position":4},"title":"Don’t Let the “Gene” Out of the Bottle","author":"Editor","date":"January 5, 2026","format":false,"excerpt":"by Aman Varma*","rel":"","context":"In "Op Eds"","block_context":{"text":"Op Eds","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/op-ed\/legal-analysis\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Genetic Data Protection under DPDPA","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Genetic-Data-Protection-under-DPDPA.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Genetic-Data-Protection-under-DPDPA.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Genetic-Data-Protection-under-DPDPA.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Genetic-Data-Protection-under-DPDPA.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":254961,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2021\/10\/01\/a-custody-case-of-a-toddler-between-a-genetic-mother-and-a-foster-mother\/","url_meta":{"origin":232302,"position":5},"title":"Kar HC | A custody case of a toddler between a genetic mother and a foster mother; principle of \u2018distributive justice\u2019 not to be applied; Yashoda Maa and Devaki Maa finds reference in judgment","author":"Editor","date":"October 1, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"Karnataka High Court: Krishna S. Dixit J. disposed off the petition and remarked \u201cthere is & shall be no cause of action against the foster parents in civil or criminal law concerning the alleged kidnapping of the child.\u201d The facts of the case involve rival claims for the custody of\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]}],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/232302","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/67011"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=232302"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/232302\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/32072"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=232302"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=232302"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=232302"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}