{"id":231905,"date":"2020-07-08T11:00:40","date_gmt":"2020-07-08T05:30:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?p=231905"},"modified":"2020-07-17T14:18:17","modified_gmt":"2020-07-17T08:48:17","slug":"scotus-bar-imposed-on-families-from-using-state-scholarships-for-religious-schools-is-violative-of-free-exercise-clause-of-federal-constitution","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2020\/07\/08\/scotus-bar-imposed-on-families-from-using-state-scholarships-for-religious-schools-is-violative-of-free-exercise-clause-of-federal-constitution\/","title":{"rendered":"SCOTUS | Bar imposed on families from using State Scholarships for religious schools is violative of Free Exercise Clause of Federal Constitution\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"

Supreme Court of the United States: <\/b>While determining that whether Rule 1 promulgated by the Montana Revenue Department barring the families from using State scholarships, for religious schools is violative of the Federal Constitution; the 9 Judge Bench of the Court, with a ratio of 5:4 held that, the application of the no-aid provision discriminates against religious schools and families; therefore it violates the Free Exercise Clause of the Federal Constitution. The majority comprised of John Roberts, C.J., Clarence Thomas, Samuel Alito, Brett Kavanaugh, and Neil Gorsuch, JJ.<\/span><\/p>\n

The dispute revolved around a program established by the Montana Legislature which granted tax credits to those who donated to organizations that award scholarships for private school tuition. In order to reconcile the legislative program with, Article X 6(1) of the Montana Constitution, that bars government aid to any school \u201ccontrolled in whole or in part by any church, sect, or denomination\u201d, the Montana Revenue Department issued the impugned Rule 1. Due to the promulgation of the impugned Rule, several families were blocked from using scholarship funds for their children\u2019s tuition at Stillwater Christian School. Hence they sued the Department, alleging that the Rule discriminated on the basis of their religious views and the religious nature of the school they had chosen. The Department contended that instant issue is similar to Locke <\/i>v. Davey, <\/i>540 U. S. (2004) wherein the plaintiff denied a scholarship because of what he proposed to use the funds to prepare for the ministry, which was essentially a religious endeavour. The Department further contended that the no-aid provision promotes religious freedom.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Rejecting the contentions raised by the Department, the majority referred to the decision rendered in Trinity Lutheran Church of Columbia Inc. <\/i>v. Comer<\/i>, 582 U. S. (2017) where it was held that disqualifying otherwise eligible recipients from a public benefit \u201csolely because of their religious character\u201d imposes \u201ca penalty on the free exercise of religion that triggers the most exacting scrutiny\u201d. The majority further observed that the Free Exercise Clause of the Federal Constitution protects religious observers against unequal treatment\u201d and against \u201claws that impose special disabilities on the basis of religious status. Noting that the application of Montana\u2019s no-aid provision excludes religious schools from public benefits solely because of religious status, therefore a strict scrutiny is necessary. It was also observed that Montana\u2019s no-aid provision did not zero in on any essential religious course of instruction but rather barred aid to a religious school simply because it is a religious school. It was stated that, \u201cThe Department\u2019s argument that the no-aid provision promotes religious freedom is unavailing because an infringement of First Amendment rights cannot be justified by a State\u2019s alternative view that the infringement advances religious liberty. The Department\u2019s argument is especially unconvincing because the infringement here broadly burdens not only religious schools but also the families whose children attend them. The Department suggests that the no-aid provision safeguards public education by ensuring that government support is not diverted to private schools, but that interest does not justify a no-aid provision that requires only religious private schools to bear its weight\u201d. <\/span><\/p>\n

Ruth Bader Ginsburg, Elena Kagan, Stephen Breyer and Sonia Sotomayor, JJ., delivered the dissenting opinion. As per the minority opinion, it was stated that the majority did not recognise the \u2018play-in-the-joints\u2019 doctrine which means that <\/span>the Free Exercise Clause forbids a State to draw any distinction between secular and religious uses of government aid to private schools that is not required by the Establishment Clause; thus the majority\u2019s approach and its conclusion in this case is a risky entanglement and conflict that the Religion Clauses intended to prevent in the first place. [Espinoza v. Montana Department of Revenue, 591 US (2020), decided on 30-06-2020]\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Supreme Court of the United States: While determining that whether Rule 1 promulgated by the Montana Revenue Department barring the families from <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8808,"featured_media":32691,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,12],"tags":[42397,42399,42400,17111,42398,30014],"class_list":["post-231905","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-casebriefs","category-foreigncourts","tag-federal-constitution","tag-free-exercise-clause","tag-montana-revenue-department","tag-religious-freedom","tag-religious-schools","tag-scotus"],"yoast_head":"\nSCOTUS | Bar imposed on families from using State Scholarships for religious schools is violative of Free Exercise Clause of Federal Constitution\u00a0 | SCC Times<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, 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\u201cnonsectarian\u201d in order to be eligible for tuition assistance; the SCOTUS, with a ratio of 6: 3 held that\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Supreme Court of The United States","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/supreme_court_of_US.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/supreme_court_of_US.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/supreme_court_of_US.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/supreme_court_of_US.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, 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SCOTUS answers","author":"Editor","date":"July 4, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"Supreme Court of The United States: While deliberating upon the instant matter, wherein the petitioner lost his job as a high school football coach in the Bremerton School District, after he knelt at midfield after games to offer a quiet personal prayer; the Court held that, the Free Exercise and\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Supreme Court of The United States","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/supreme_court_of_US.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/supreme_court_of_US.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/supreme_court_of_US.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/supreme_court_of_US.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/supreme_court_of_US.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":233057,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2020\/07\/29\/scotus-denies-permission-to-calvary-chapel-to-hold-service-on-parity-of-terms-allowed-to-casinos-draws-strong-dissent-from-4-judges\/","url_meta":{"origin":231905,"position":2},"title":"SCOTUS denies permission to Calvary Chapel to hold service on parity of terms allowed to casinos; Draws strong dissent from 4 Judges","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"July 29, 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"Supreme\u00a0Court of The United States (SCOTUS):\u00a0In a 5:4 decision, the majority\u00a0 comprising of John G. Roberts Jr., Chief Justice, and Stephen G. Breyer, Ruth Bader Ginsburg, Sonia Sotomayor, Elana Kagan, JJ., denied permission to Calvary Chappel, a Nevada church, to hold services on the same terms which were allowed by\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Supreme Court of The United States","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/supreme_court_of_US.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/supreme_court_of_US.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/supreme_court_of_US.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/supreme_court_of_US.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/supreme_court_of_US.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":239707,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2020\/11\/27\/even-in-a-pandemic-the-constitution-cannot-be-forgotten-in-a-split-decision-scotus-upholds-first-amendment-guarantee-of-religious-liberty-and-bars-restrictions-on-religious-servic\/","url_meta":{"origin":231905,"position":3},"title":"\u201cEven in a pandemic, the Constitution cannot be forgotten\u201d- In a split decision, SCOTUS upholds First Amendment guarantee of religious liberty and bars restrictions on religious services in New York","author":"Editor","date":"November 27, 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"Supreme Court of the United States (SCOTUS): While deliberating upon the applications seeking relief from an Executive Order issued by the Governor of New York imposing very severe restrictions on attendance at religious services in areas classified as \u201cRed\u201d or \u201cOrange\u201d Covid-19 zones; the Full Bench of the Court, with\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Supreme Court of The United States","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/supreme_court_of_US.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/supreme_court_of_US.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/supreme_court_of_US.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/supreme_court_of_US.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/supreme_court_of_US.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":6113,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2014\/07\/24\/direction-given-regarding-the-constitution-of-a-national-council-for-minorities-rights\/","url_meta":{"origin":231905,"position":4},"title":"Direction given regarding the constitution of a National Council for Minorities\u2019 Rights","author":"Sucheta","date":"July 24, 2014","format":false,"excerpt":"Supreme Court of Pakistan: Condemning the last year\u2019s attack on a church in Peshawar and increase in the number threats given to the minorities residing in Chitral, the Supreme Court initiating a suo motu action expressed its concern over the insecurities faced by the minorities and directed the constitution of\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Foreign Courts"","block_context":{"text":"Foreign Courts","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/foreigncourts\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/scc-blog_Page_9.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/scc-blog_Page_9.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/scc-blog_Page_9.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/scc-blog_Page_9.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/scc-blog_Page_9.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":224652,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2020\/01\/28\/ker-hc-no-elementary-schools-imparting-secular-education-can-promote-one-religion-over-others-secularism-is-against-the-idea-of-exclusivism-of-one-religion-over-others\/","url_meta":{"origin":231905,"position":5},"title":"Ker HC | No elementary schools imparting secular education can promote one religion over others","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"January 28, 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"Kerala High Court: A. Muhamed Mustaque, J., dismissed a petition filed by a private unaided school, imparting elementary education, challenging the State\u2019s order of closure of the school on the premise that it promotes exclusive religious instruction and admits only students from one particular community thereby posing threat to the\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]}],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/231905","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8808"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=231905"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/231905\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/32691"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=231905"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=231905"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=231905"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}