{"id":231835,"date":"2020-07-06T15:00:12","date_gmt":"2020-07-06T09:30:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?p=231835"},"modified":"2020-07-06T13:44:12","modified_gmt":"2020-07-06T08:14:12","slug":"in-the-enrica-lexie-incident-italy-must-compensate-india-for-the-loss-of-life-and-material-damage-however-india-is-precluded-from-exercising-its-criminal-jurisdiction-over-italian-marines-involved-i","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2020\/07\/06\/in-the-enrica-lexie-incident-italy-must-compensate-india-for-the-loss-of-life-and-material-damage-however-india-is-precluded-from-exercising-its-criminal-jurisdiction-over-italian-marines-involved-i\/","title":{"rendered":"Enrica Lexie Incident| Italy must compensate India for loss of life and material damage; however India is precluded from exercising its criminal jurisdiction over Italian marines involved in the incident"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"p1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>Permanent Court of Arbitration: <\/b>In an unanimous decision by the Arbitral Tribunal concerning the <i>\u201cEnrica Lexie Incident<\/i>\u201d, it was held that Italy has breached Article 87, Paragraph 1, sub-paragraph (a) and Article 90 of the United Nations Convention for the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) thereby constituting adequate satisfaction for the injury to India\u2019s non-material interests. It was further held that as a result of the breach, India is entitled to payment of compensation in connection with loss of life, physical harm, material damage to property (including to the \u2018St. Antony\u2019) and moral harm suffered by the captain and other crew members of the \u2018St. Antony\u2019, which by its nature cannot be made good through restitution. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"s2\">As per the facts, <\/span><span class=\"s3\">on 15-02-2012, two Indian fishermen were killed off the coast of\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"s4\">Kerala<\/span><span class=\"s3\">, aboard the\u00a0<i>St. Antony<\/i>. India alleged that the two\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"s4\">Italian marines<\/span><span class=\"s3\">\u00a0aboard the Italian-flagged commercial\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"s4\">oil tanker<\/span><span class=\"s3\">\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"s4\">MV\u00a0<i>Enrica Lexie<\/i><\/span><span class=\"s3\">\u00a0killed the fishermen. The Indian Navy then intercepted MV\u00a0<i>Enrica Lexie<\/i>\u00a0and detained the two Italian marines, therefore giving rise to the instant dispute between India and Italy. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"s1\">Italy contended before the Tribunal that by directing and inducing the <i>Enrica Lexie <\/i>to change course and proceed into India\u2019s territorial sea through a ruse, as well as by interdicting the <i>Enrica Lexie <\/i>and escorting her to Kochi, India violated Italy\u2019s freedom of navigation, in breach of UNCLOS Article 87(1)(a), and Italy\u2019s exclusive jurisdiction over the <i>Enrica Lexie<\/i>, in breach of Article 92 of UNCLOS and abused its right to seek Italy\u2019s cooperation in the repression of piracy, in breach of Article 300 read in conjunction with Article 100 of UNCLOS. It was further contended that by initiating criminal proceedings against the Italian marines, India violated Italy\u2019s exclusive right to institute penal or disciplinary proceedings against the Marines, in breach of Article 97(1) of UNCLOS. The Indian side however contended that by firing at <i>St. Anthony<\/i> and killing the fishermen aboard that vessel, Italy violated India\u2019s sovereign rights under Article 56 of UNCLOS and India\u2019s freedom and right of navigation under Articles 87 and 90 of UNCLOS.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"s1\">The Tribunal comprising of Vladimir Golitsyn, J. (President), Jin-Hyun Paik, Patrick Robinson, JJ., Prof. Francesco Francioni and Dr<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>Pemmaraju Sreenivasa Rao (Arbitrators) perused the facts and the contentions put forth by the Countries. It was observed that the instant dispute involved the interpretation\/ application of the UNCLOS. Determining that the Arbitral Tribunal has jurisdiction over the dispute, it was unanimously held that India\u2019s counter-claims are admissible and that Italy has violated aforementioned provisions of the UNCLOS. However with a ratio of 3:2, the Tribunal also held that the Marines- Chief Master Sergeant Massimiliano Latorre and Sergeant Salvatore Girone, are entitled to immunity in relation to the acts that they committed during the incident, and that India is precluded from exercising its criminal jurisdiction over the Marines. Taking note of Italy\u2019s commitment to resume criminal investigations into the <i>St. Anthony<\/i> firing incident, the Tribunal directed India to take the necessary steps in order to cease the exercise its criminal jurisdiction over the Marines. [Italian Republic v. \u00a0Republic of India, PCA Case No. 2015-28, decided on 02-07-2020]\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Permanent Court of Arbitration: In an unanimous decision by the Arbitral Tribunal concerning the \u201cEnrica Lexie Incident\u201d, it was held that Italy <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8808,"featured_media":231836,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,4631],"tags":[35672,3226,42358,6571,42360,34997,42357,42359,42356],"class_list":["post-231835","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-casebriefs","category-international-courts","tag-arbitral-tribunal","tag-arbitration","tag-enrica-lexie-incident","tag-india","tag-italian-marines","tag-italy","tag-jurisdiction-over-marines","tag-loss-of-life-and-material-damage","tag-unclos"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.4 (Yoast SEO v27.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Enrica Lexie Incident| Italy must compensate India for loss of life and material damage; 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