{"id":231482,"date":"2020-06-27T17:40:36","date_gmt":"2020-06-27T12:10:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?p=231482"},"modified":"2020-09-18T17:12:26","modified_gmt":"2020-09-18T11:42:26","slug":"uk-sc-application-of-sufficiency-requirement-is-the-bedrock-of-patent-law-hence-its-diluted-interpretation-would-tilt-the-balance-in-favour-of-patentees-and-against-the-public","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2020\/06\/27\/uk-sc-application-of-sufficiency-requirement-is-the-bedrock-of-patent-law-hence-its-diluted-interpretation-would-tilt-the-balance-in-favour-of-patentees-and-against-the-public\/","title":{"rendered":"UK SC | Application of \u2018sufficiency requirement\u2019 is the bedrock of Patent Law; hence its diluted interpretation would tilt the balance in favour of patentees and against the public"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"p1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"s2\"><b>Supreme Court of United Kingdom: <\/b>While deciding the instant appeal which challenged the validity of two patents seeking monopoly over the creation of a range of different types of transgenic mouse, <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>the 5 Judge Bench of Lord Reed (President), Lord Hodge, Lady Black, Lord Briggs and Lord Sales<\/strong><\/span>, with a ratio of 4:1, reversed the Court of Appeal\u2019s decision favouring Regeneron Pharmaceuticals (respondent in the instant appeal). The majority held that the Court of Appeal\u2019s analysis of the issue diluted the sufficiency requirement which is the bedrock of patent law, thus tilting the balance of patent law in favour of patentees and against the public. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"s2\">The question before the Court was that whether a product patent, the teaching of which enables the skilled person only to make some, but not all of the types of product within the scope of the claim, passes the sufficiency test where the invention would contribute to the utility of all the products in the range. As per the facts of the case, in 2001 Regeneron filed patents for a new type of genetically modified mouse which was a hybrid version of the gene that produces antibodies, combining a section of the mouse\u2019s genetic material with a section of genetic material from a human. The resulting mouse can be used to produce antibodies which are suitable for medical treatment in humans, but are sufficiently similar to mouse antibodies that they do not cause immunological sickness in the mouse. In 2013 Regeneron sued Kymab Ltd. (the appellant in the instant appeal), for infringement of its patents. Kymab was producing its own genetically modified \u2018Kymice\u2019, with a similar genetic structure to Regeneron\u2019s mice. Kymab contended that the patents filed by Regeneron were invalid because they lacked \u2018sufficiency\u2019 which means that documents filed for the patent must be detailed enough to enable scientifically skilled readers to make the invention for themselves. The Court of Appeal however observed that patents filed by Regeneron had sufficient information to enable a skilled reader to insert some of the human material into a mouse\u2019s genes, thereby upholding Regeneron\u2019s patents on the principle of general application.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"s2\">To analyse the question, the Court deemed it fit to delve into the complex technicalities of genetic engineering for medical purposes. The majority stated that a patent reflects a \u2018bargain between the inventor and the public\u2019. The inventor gains a time-specific monopoly over the making and use of a product and in return, the public gains the ability to make the product after the expiry of the monopoly. As part of this bargain, the inventor must publish \u2018sufficient information to enable a skilled member of the public to make the product\u2019. The patentees must not make broad claims. If they claim the right to make a range of products, sufficiency would mean they must disclose enough information to enable a skilled person to make the full range which is claimed; this means a relevant range that affects the utility of the product. It was noted that the amount of human material was an important factor that was thought to affect the diversity of useful antibodies that the mice would produce. Mice at the more valuable end of the range could not be made using Regeneron\u2019s patents. Regeneron was claiming a monopoly that was far wider than its contribution to the art, which is why the patents granted to Regeneron are invalid due to the lack of sufficiency. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"s2\">The dissenting judgment was delivered by Lady Black. She observed that, <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span class=\"s2\">\u201capplication of the sufficiency requirement depends on the nature of the individual invention and the facts of the case. The Court of Appeal characterised Regeneron\u2019s invention as a principle of general application which solved the problem of immunological sickness, thereby meeting the sufficiency requirement as the invention was deployed in each mouse across the range, irrespective of the quantum of human material incorporated\u201d. <\/span><\/strong><span class=\"s2\">[Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc v. Kymab Ltd, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/U58e9IM4\">[2020] Bus LR 1394<\/a>, decided on 24-06-2020] <span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Supreme Court of United Kingdom: While deciding the instant appeal which challenged the validity of two patents seeking monopoly over the creation <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8808,"featured_media":56741,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,12],"tags":[38999,42198,42200,42201,42197,42199,42202],"class_list":["post-231482","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-casebriefs","category-foreigncourts","tag-court-of-appeal","tag-human-trial","tag-inventor","tag-medical-purpose","tag-patent-law","tag-regeneron","tag-sufficiency-requirement"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.4 (Yoast SEO v26.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>UK SC | Application of \u2018sufficiency requirement\u2019 is the bedrock of Patent Law; hence its diluted interpretation would tilt the balance in favour of patentees and against the public | SCC Times<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2020\/06\/27\/uk-sc-application-of-sufficiency-requirement-is-the-bedrock-of-patent-law-hence-its-diluted-interpretation-would-tilt-the-balance-in-favour-of-patentees-and-against-the-public\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"UK SC | Application of \u2018sufficiency requirement\u2019 is the bedrock of Patent Law; hence its diluted interpretation would tilt the balance in favour of patentees and against the public\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Supreme Court of United Kingdom: While deciding the instant appeal which challenged the validity of two patents seeking monopoly over the creation\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2020\/06\/27\/uk-sc-application-of-sufficiency-requirement-is-the-bedrock-of-patent-law-hence-its-diluted-interpretation-would-tilt-the-balance-in-favour-of-patentees-and-against-the-public\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"SCC Times\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/scc.online\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-06-27T12:10:36+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2020-09-18T11:42:26+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/DSC_7472-2-e1476682323502.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1260\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"827\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Bhumika Indulia\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Bhumika Indulia\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2020\/06\/27\/uk-sc-application-of-sufficiency-requirement-is-the-bedrock-of-patent-law-hence-its-diluted-interpretation-would-tilt-the-balance-in-favour-of-patentees-and-against-the-public\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2020\/06\/27\/uk-sc-application-of-sufficiency-requirement-is-the-bedrock-of-patent-law-hence-its-diluted-interpretation-would-tilt-the-balance-in-favour-of-patentees-and-against-the-public\/\",\"name\":\"UK SC | Application of \u2018sufficiency requirement\u2019 is the bedrock of Patent Law; 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[Detailed Report]","author":"Editor","date":"August 28, 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"Supreme Court of the United Kingdom: While deciding the instant appeal raising questions important to the international market in telecommunications such as - Whether a court in the United Kingdom has jurisdiction and may properly exercise a power, without the agreement of both parties to grant an injunction to restrain\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/DSC_7472-2-e1476682323502.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/DSC_7472-2-e1476682323502.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/DSC_7472-2-e1476682323502.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/DSC_7472-2-e1476682323502.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/DSC_7472-2-e1476682323502.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":307355,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2023\/11\/17\/rwanda-policy-migrants-asylum-seekers-unlawful-politics-brexit-supreme-court-uk-legal-news\/","url_meta":{"origin":231482,"position":3},"title":"\u2018Rwanda Policy\u2019 for asylum seekers held unlawful; UK Supreme Court upholds decision of Court of Appeal","author":"Sucheta","date":"November 17, 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"The Supreme Court took the decision to uphold the Court of Appeal\u2019s findings regardless of the political debates surrounding the Rwanda Policy.","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Rwanda Policy migrants","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Rwanda-Policy-migrants.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Rwanda-Policy-migrants.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Rwanda-Policy-migrants.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Rwanda-Policy-migrants.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":222814,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2019\/12\/04\/uk-sc-compensation-of-2-million-awarded-to-inventor-of-glucose-testing-kit-holding-that-patent-covering-technology-was-of-outstanding-benefit-to-his-employer\/","url_meta":{"origin":231482,"position":4},"title":"UK SC | Compensation of \u00a32 million awarded to inventor of glucose testing kit, holding that patent covering technology was of \u201coutstanding benefit\u201d to his employer","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"December 4, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"Supreme Court of United Kingdom: Full Bench of Lady Hale (President), Lord Reed (Deputy President), Lord Hodge, Lady Black and Lord Kitchin, JJ., examined the considerations to be taken into account when deciding whether it is appropriate to award compensation to an employee for an invention made during employment. The\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/DSC_7472-2-e1476682323502.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/DSC_7472-2-e1476682323502.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/DSC_7472-2-e1476682323502.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/DSC_7472-2-e1476682323502.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/DSC_7472-2-e1476682323502.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":309922,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2023\/12\/22\/inventor-artifical-intelligence-patents-act-1977-dabus-nautral-person-uk-sc-legal-news\/","url_meta":{"origin":231482,"position":5},"title":"&#8220;Inventor within the meaning of Patents Act, 1977 must be a natural person&#8221;; UK SC upholds Comptroller&#8217;s refusal to regard DABUS the AI Machine as &#8216;inventor&#8217;","author":"Sucheta","date":"December 22, 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"The Court unanimously stated that the Comptroller was right in determining that the appellant was not entitled to apply for the patents simply by his ownership of DABUS.","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"AI DABUS inventor","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/AI-DABUS-inventor.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/AI-DABUS-inventor.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/AI-DABUS-inventor.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/AI-DABUS-inventor.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]}],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/231482","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8808"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=231482"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/231482\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/56741"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=231482"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=231482"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=231482"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}