{"id":231057,"date":"2020-06-19T00:50:44","date_gmt":"2020-06-18T19:20:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?p=231057"},"modified":"2020-06-26T12:23:10","modified_gmt":"2020-06-26T06:53:10","slug":"can-family-court-convert-petition-for-maintenance-under-section-125-crpc-to-one-under-muslim-womens-protection-act-split-verdict-by-sc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2020\/06\/19\/can-family-court-convert-petition-for-maintenance-under-section-125-crpc-to-one-under-muslim-womens-protection-act-split-verdict-by-sc\/","title":{"rendered":"Can Family Court convert petition for maintenance under Section 125 CrPC to one under Muslim Women\u2019s Protection Act? Split verdict by SC"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Supreme Court<\/strong>: The bench of R Banumathi and Indira Banerjee, JJ has given a split verdict on the issue whether a Family Court can convert the petition for maintenance under Section 125 Cr.P.C. to one under Section 3 or Section 4 of the Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Divorce) Act, 1986. The matter has, hence, been referred to a larger bench.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><strong>Background of the case<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>A Muslim woman filed a petition under Section 125 Cr.P.C. alleging that she was subjected to cruelty and harassment for additional dowry and that she was thrown out of matrimonial home.<\/li>\n<li>Family Court held that as the appellant is a Muslim divorced woman, her petition for maintenance under Section 125 Cr.P.C. is not maintainable.<\/li>\n<li>Treating the application under Section 125 Cr.P.C. as application under Section 3 of the Muslim Women\u2019s Protection Act in the light of the judgment in <strong>Iqbal Bano v. State of Uttar Pradesh, (2007) 6 SCC 785, <\/strong>the Family Court directed the husband to pay rupees three lakh in lump sum to appellant towards her maintenance and future livelihood.<\/li>\n<li>Rajasthan High Court held that the order of the Family Court converting the application under Section 125 Cr.P.C. into an application under Section 3 of the Act is without jurisdiction and on those findings, set aside the order of the Family 3 Court to that extent.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><strong>Banumathi, J\u2019s opinion<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Holding that the Family Court cannot convert the petition for maintenance under Section 125 Cr.P.C. to one under Section 3 or Section 4 of the Act of 1986, Banumathi , J said<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; padding-left: 40px;\">\u201cthe application under Section 3(2) of the Act of 1986 by the divorced wife has to be filed before the competent Magistrate having jurisdiction if she claims maintenance beyond the iddat period. Even if the Family Court has been established in that area, the Family Court not having been conferred the jurisdiction under Section 7 of the Family Courts Act, 1984 to entertain an application filed under Section 3 of the Muslim Women Protection Act, the Family Court shall have no jurisdiction to entertain an application under Section 3(2) of the Act of 1986. <strong>\u201c<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; padding-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>On Section 3 of the Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Divorce) Act, 1986<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; padding-left: 40px;\">Section 3 of 1986 Act opens with the words \u201cnotwithstanding anything contained in any other law for the time being in force,\u201d a divorced woman shall be entitled to rights enumerated in clauses (a) to (d) of Section 3(1) of 1986 Act. Muslim Women Protection Act may have conferred more rights but the Act confers these rights notwithstanding anything contained in Section 125 Cr.P.C. The nonobstante clause has to be understood fairly and reasonably. The non-obstante clause cannot be lightly assumed to bring in the effect of supersession. It should not be allowed to demolish or extinguish the existing right unless the legislative intention is clear, manifest and unambiguous.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; padding-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>On Section 7 of the Family Courts Act, 1984<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; padding-left: 40px;\">The expression \u201cconferred on it\u201d occurring in sub-clause (b) of Section 7(2) speaks of conferment of the jurisdiction on the Family Court by an enactment. Thus, under Section 7(2)(b), the jurisdiction must be specifically conferred and cannot be assumed or deemed to have been conferred. The provisions of the Muslim Women\u2019s Protection Act do not confer any jurisdiction on the Family Court.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; padding-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; padding-left: 40px;\">Section 3(2) of the Muslim Women\u2019s Protection Act provides that the application may be made to a Magistrate; but not to the Family Court. Also, the Muslim Women\u2019s Protection Act was enacted in 1986 subsequent to the Family Courts Act, 1984. Hence, the Family Court has no jurisdiction to entertain the petition under Sections 3 and 4 of the Act of 1986 and that the Family Court cannot convert the petition for maintenance under Section 125 Cr.P.C. to one under Section 3 or Section 4 of the Act of 1986.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><strong>Banerjee, J\u2019s opinion<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Disagreeing with Justice Banumathi\u2019s opinion, Banerjee, J said<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; padding-left: 40px;\">\u201cFamily Courts Act is a secular statute, which applies to matters contemplated therein, irrespective of the religion of the litigating parties.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; padding-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>On Family Court\u2019s scope of power to lay down procedure<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; padding-left: 40px;\">Notwithstanding sub-section (1) and sub-section (2) of Section 10 of the Family Courts Act, which makes the provisions of the CPC applicable to suits and proceedings before the Family Court, other than those under Chapter IX of the Cr.P.C., and the provisions of the Cr.P.C. applicable to all the proceedings under Chapter IX of that Code, it is open to the Family Court to lay down its own procedure with a view to arrive at a settlement in respect of the subject matter of the suit or proceeding.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; padding-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>On Territorial Jurisdiction of Family Courts<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; padding-left: 40px;\">Where a Family Court has been established for any area, Section 8 of the Family Courts Act denudes the District Court or any Subordinate Civil Court referred to in sub-section (1) of Section 7 of jurisdiction in respect of any suit or proceeding of the nature referred to in the Explanation to that sub-section. Section 8(b) of the Family Courts Act prohibits any Magistrate from exercising jurisdiction or powers under Chapter IX of the CR.P.C. in relation to any area for which a Family Court has been established.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; padding-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>On Overriding effect of Family Courts Act <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; padding-left: 40px;\">It is important to note that Section 20 of the Family Courts Act, with its non-obstante clause gives the provisions of the Family Courts Act overriding effect, over any other law, which would include the 1986 Act for Muslim Women. The Family Courts Act is to have effect, notwithstanding anything inconsistent therewith, contained in any other law, for the time being in force, or in any instrument having effect, by virtue of any law other than the Family Courts Act.<\/p>\n<blockquote style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u201cthe expression \u201cin any other law, for the time being in force\u201d, cannot be construed narrowly to mean a law which was in force on the date of enactment and\/or enforcement of the Family Courts Act\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; padding-left: 40px;\">There is no conflict between Section 3(2) of the 1986 Act for Muslim women and the Family Courts Act. On the other hand, Section 20 of the Family Courts Act, 1984 gives overriding effect to the Family Courts Act notwithstanding anything therewith contained in any other law in force. The Family Court is to exercise all the jurisdiction exercisable by any District Court or any other subordinate Civil court in respect of a proceeding for maintenance.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; padding-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; padding-left: 40px;\">Banerjee, J, hence, concluded that there can be no dispute that the Family Court alone has jurisdiction in respect of personal and family matters relating to women and men, irrespective of their religion. Family matters of Muslim women pertaining inter alia to marriage, divorce etc. are decided by Family Courts, as also claims of Muslim wives to maintenance under Section 125 of the Cr.P.C.<\/p>\n<blockquote style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u201cThere could be no reason to single out divorced Muslim wives to deny them access to the Family Courts, and that in my view, was never the legislative intent of the 1986 Act for Muslim Women.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">[Rana Nahid v. Sahisul Haq Chisti, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/32r35wKT\"><b>2020 SCC OnLine SC 522<\/b><\/a> , decided on 18.06.2020]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Supreme Court: The bench of R Banumathi and Indira Banerjee, JJ has given a split verdict on the issue whether a Family <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":121,"featured_media":154914,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,9],"tags":[2864,31368,2549,42019,42020,10401],"class_list":["post-231057","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-casebriefs","category-supremecourt","tag-family_court","tag-family-law","tag-maintenance","tag-muslim-women-protection-of-rights-on-divorce-act","tag-secular-law","tag-uniform-civil-code"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.4 (Yoast SEO v26.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Can Family Court convert petition for maintenance under Section 125 CrPC to one under Muslim Women\u2019s Protection Act? 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Dangre, J., has held that the Muslim Personal Law can in no way curtail the protection granted under the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act 2005, from being available to a Muslim woman. Brief facts of the case\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":240263,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2020\/12\/07\/guj-hc-will-permanent-alimony-granted-to-a-muslim-woman-be-conditional-to-wifes-remarriage-detailed-report-untangling-significance-of-permanent-alimony-periodical-maintenance\/","url_meta":{"origin":231057,"position":3},"title":"Guj HC | Will permanent alimony granted to a Muslim woman be conditional to her remarriage? Detailed report untangling significance of &#8216;Permanent Alimony&#8217; &#038; &#8216;Periodical Maintenance&#8217;","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"December 7, 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"Gujarat High Court:\u00a0The Division Bench of J.B. Pardiwala and Vireshkumar B. Mayani, JJ., while addressing the issue of grant of permanent alimony to a Muslim Woman noted the significant difference between permanent alimony and periodical maintenance. An instant appeal under Section 19 of the Family Courts Act, 1984 was filed\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/1200px-Gujarat-High-Court-1.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/1200px-Gujarat-High-Court-1.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/1200px-Gujarat-High-Court-1.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/1200px-Gujarat-High-Court-1.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/1200px-Gujarat-High-Court-1.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":267135,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2022\/05\/20\/if-divorce-is-declared-in-one-go-and-fatwa-is-issued-is-muslim-wife-entitled-to-maintenance-under-s-125-crpc-all-hc-answers\/","url_meta":{"origin":231057,"position":4},"title":"If  divorce is declared in one go and Fatwa is issued, Is muslim wife entitled to maintenance under S. 125 CrPC?  All HC answers","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"May 20, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"Allahabad High Court: Brij Raj Singh, J., while addressing a maintenance case, observed that if a wife proves that she is unable to maintain herself, she will be entitled to maintenance. A revision petition was preferred to quash the judgment and order passed by the Family Court so far as\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/All-HC-Lko-Bench_4.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/All-HC-Lko-Bench_4.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/All-HC-Lko-Bench_4.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/All-HC-Lko-Bench_4.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/All-HC-Lko-Bench_4.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":341630,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2025\/02\/17\/2025-scc-vol-2-part-1\/","url_meta":{"origin":231057,"position":5},"title":"2025 SCC Vol. 2 Part 1","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"February 17, 2025","format":false,"excerpt":"Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 \u2014 Ss. 11, 8 and 11 \u2014 Parties to arbitration proceedings \u2014 Arbitration agreement\/clause","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Cases Reported&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Cases Reported","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casesreported\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"2025 SCC Vol. 2 Part 1","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/2025-1.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/2025-1.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/2025-1.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/2025-1.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]}],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/231057","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/121"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=231057"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/231057\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/154914"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=231057"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=231057"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=231057"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}