{"id":230399,"date":"2020-06-03T09:45:29","date_gmt":"2020-06-03T04:15:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?p=230399"},"modified":"2020-06-02T23:54:13","modified_gmt":"2020-06-02T18:24:13","slug":"canada-sc-while-entrapping-drug-dealers-the-police-must-have-a-reasonable-suspicion-to-believe-that-the-crime-is-being-committed","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2020\/06\/03\/canada-sc-while-entrapping-drug-dealers-the-police-must-have-a-reasonable-suspicion-to-believe-that-the-crime-is-being-committed\/","title":{"rendered":"Canada SC | While entrapping drug dealers, the Police must have a \u201creasonable suspicion\u201d to believe that the crime is being committed"},"content":{"rendered":"

Supreme Court of Canada: <\/b>While deciding issues like application of entrapment framework to dial-a-dope investigations and whether, in the instant case, the police had reasonable suspicion that accused or phone numbers were engaged in drug trafficking at time police provided opportunity to commit offences, the 9 Judge Bench of Wagner C.J., and Abella, Moldaver, Karakatsanis, C\u00f4t\u00e9, Brown, Rowe, Martin and Kasirer JJ., with a ratio of 5:4, held that <\/span>Police need \u2018good reason\u2019 to suspect that someone answering a phone is involved in drug dealing before asking them to sell drugs. The Court observed that the police should be able to show the Courts that they had a \u201creasonable suspicion\u201d that a certain crime was happening. Needing reasonable suspicion makes sure that Courts can review police actions to check whether they are acting properly.<\/span><\/p>\n

The issues revolved around 2 entrapment cases. In the involving Ahmad (hereinafter A), the police got a tip that someone named \u201cRomeo\u201d was selling drugs over the phone. The officer called \u201cRomeo\u2019s\u201d phone number. He didn\u2019t know if the tip was trustworthy. He had a short conversation with \u201cRomeo,\u201d who agreed to sell him the narcotics. The police set up a meeting on basis of this call with \u201cRomeo\u201d and when the he turned up, he was searched and then arrested. \u201cRomeo\u201d turned out to be A. In the second case involving Williams (W), a police officer got information from another officer that someone named \u201cJay\u201d was selling drugs. The information also came from a tip. The officer didn\u2019t know if the information was trustworthy or recent. Another officer called Jay\u2019s number to buy cocaine. \u201cJay\u201d agreed to meet and sold him the drugs. \u201cJay\u201d turned out to be W. The police arranged another drug deal eleven days later and a month later, police arrested W. The question was that whether both the cases constitute entrapment or not. <\/span><\/p>\n

As per the majority, comprising of <\/span>Abella, Karakatsanis, Brown, Martin <\/b>and Kasirer JJ., observed that a court must examine all of the circumstances, and not merely the language used during the call, in order to determine whether police had formed \u2018reasonable suspicion\u2019 by the time the opportunity was provided. It was further noted that <\/span>police don\u2019t have \u2018reasonable suspicion\u2019 if they just have a tip and don\u2019t know if it is reliable. They can develop reasonable suspicion by investigating if a tip is reliable before calling. The Court observed that in both the cases the police didn\u2019t have reasonable suspicion before calling the phone numbers. However A wasn\u2019t entrapped because police developed a good reason to suspect he was selling drugs while talking to him on the phone. They did this before they asked to buy drugs from him. The police didn\u2019t confirm the tip during the phone call in W\u2019s case though; therefore W was <\/i>entrapped because the police asked to buy drugs from him before they had a good reason to suspect he was selling drugs. Dissenting in part, <\/span>Wagner C.J. and Moldaver, C\u00f4t\u00e9 and Rowe JJ., observed that the rules of entrapment display incoherence, thus the framework needs revision. Under the revised policy, the focus should be on the police acting pursuant to a bona fide <\/i>inquiry where they meet three requirements- firstly their investigation must have been motivated by genuine law enforcement purposes; secondly, they must have had a factually-grounded basis for their investigation beyond a mere hunch; and thirdly, their investigation must have been directed at investigating a specific type of crime within a tightly circumscribed location. [ R v. Ahmad, 2020 SCC 11, decided on 29-05-2020]<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Supreme Court of Canada: While deciding issues like application of entrapment framework to dial-a-dope investigations and whether, in the instant case, the <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8808,"featured_media":32072,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,12],"tags":[3700,41705,16111,20441],"class_list":["post-230399","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-casebriefs","category-foreigncourts","tag-accused","tag-drug-dealers","tag-police","tag-reasonable-suspicion"],"yoast_head":"\nCanada SC | While entrapping drug dealers, the Police must have a \u201creasonable suspicion\u201d to believe that the crime is being committed | SCC Times<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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The present appeal was filed under Section 374(2) of Criminal Procedure Code, 1973 challenging the legality, validity and propriety of the Judgment passed by the Additional\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":222193,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2019\/11\/16\/sa-hc-arrest-without-warrant-on-reasonable-suspicion-supplants-the-claim-for-compensation-for-unlawful-arrest-and-malicious-prosecution\/","url_meta":{"origin":230399,"position":3},"title":"SA HC | Arrest without warrant on reasonable suspicion supplants the claim for compensation for unlawful arrest and malicious prosecution \u00a0","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"November 16, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"South Africa High Court, Eastern Cape Local Division: M.S. Jolwana, J. held that even if the plaintiff is arrested and spends some time in incarceration in conditions that are less than ideal, he will not necessarily be entitled to compensation. The Plaintiff, a student of Bachelor of Education in Humanities\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/HC-of-South-Africa-Eastern-Cape-Division.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/HC-of-South-Africa-Eastern-Cape-Division.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/HC-of-South-Africa-Eastern-Cape-Division.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/HC-of-South-Africa-Eastern-Cape-Division.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/HC-of-South-Africa-Eastern-Cape-Division.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":6645,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2015\/05\/26\/being-a-maoist-is-no-crime-unless-there-is-reasonable-belief-that-the-activities-of-the-person-are-unlawful\/","url_meta":{"origin":230399,"position":4},"title":"Being a Maoist is no crime, unless there is reasonable belief that the activities of the person are unlawful","author":"Sucheta","date":"May 26, 2015","format":false,"excerpt":"Kerala High Court:\u00a0While dealing with a case where a person was wrongfully arrested by the police officials on ground of suspicion that he was a Maoist, a bench of A.M. Mustaque J, held that being a Maoist is no crime, and that police cannot detain a person on mere ground\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "High Courts"","block_context":{"text":"High Courts","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/highcourts\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/scc-blog_Page_9.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/scc-blog_Page_9.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/scc-blog_Page_9.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/scc-blog_Page_9.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/scc-blog_Page_9.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":305358,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2023\/10\/20\/pmla-look-out-notice-issued-indefnitely-only-on-suspicion-abuse-of-process-karnataka-hc-legal-news\/","url_meta":{"origin":230399,"position":5},"title":"S. 50, PMLA Act | Karnataka HC cancels Look-out Notice issued indefinitely on ground of suspicion alone; terms it as an abuse of process of law and object of LOC","author":"Sucheta","date":"October 20, 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"\"The summoning of a person repeatedly without probable cause or reasonable ground and only on the ground of suspicion alone is not in accordance with the principles of due causes and fairness\"","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"karnataka high court","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/karnataka-high-court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/karnataka-high-court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/karnataka-high-court.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/karnataka-high-court.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]}],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/230399","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8808"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=230399"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/230399\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/32072"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=230399"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=230399"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=230399"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}