{"id":217712,"date":"2019-08-05T17:00:59","date_gmt":"2019-08-05T11:30:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?p=217712"},"modified":"2019-08-13T13:41:58","modified_gmt":"2019-08-13T08:11:58","slug":"ker-hc-trust-is-an-obligation-annexed-to-ownership-of-property-cannot-be-prosecuted-under-ni-act-as-it-is-neither-a-body-corporate-nor-an-association-of","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2019\/08\/05\/ker-hc-trust-is-an-obligation-annexed-to-ownership-of-property-cannot-be-prosecuted-under-ni-act-as-it-is-neither-a-body-corporate-nor-an-association-of\/","title":{"rendered":"Ker HC | \u2018Trust\u2019 is an \u2018obligation annexed to ownership of property\u2019 \u2013 cannot be prosecuted under NI Act as it is neither a body corporate nor an association of individuals"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Kerala High Court: <\/strong>B Sudheendra Kumar, J. allowed the petition and quashed the complaint and further proceedings against the petitioners which were filed by the Respondent 2.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In the instant case, Respondent 2, Branch Manager, had filed a complaint against the petitioners, trustees of a trust, alleging offence under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881. Hence, the instant criminal cases had been filed by petitioners, praying for quashing the complaint and further proceedings against them. The Court appointed Advocate Jamshed Hafiz as amicus curiae.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The learned counsel for the petitioners, Shaji Chirayath had argued that no successful prosecution against the petitioners, invoking the provisions under Section 141 of the NI Act, could be sustained, as the &#8220;Trust&#8221; was not an &#8220;association of individuals&#8221;. The learned counsel for the Respondent 2, Salil Narayanan K.A. argued that the &#8220;Trust&#8221; was an &#8220;association of individuals&#8221; and hence, the petitioners were vicariously liable under Section 141 of the NI Act. The learned amicus curiae, Jamshed Hafiz submitted that the &#8220;Trust&#8221; will not come within the ambit of &#8220;association of individuals&#8221; and hence, the provisions of Section 141 of the NI Act could not be made applicable to prosecute the petitioners under Section 138 of the NI Act.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The first issue involved in the instant case was that the &#8220;trust&#8221; was a body corporate or not. As per the Sections 3,11,13,47 and 48 of the NI Act, it was clear that the trustees were the owners of the property and were bound to maintain and defend all suits for the preservation of the trust. Thus it appeared that the &#8220;Trust&#8221; was not capable of suing and being sued in a Court of law. Therefore, a &#8220;Trust&#8221; was not a juristic person and was not like a body corporate, which had a legal existence of its own.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The second issue involved was that the &#8220;trust&#8221; was an &#8220;association of individuals&#8221; or not. For this, the Court placed reliance on Ramanlal Bhailal Patel v. State of Gujarat, <a href=\"http:\/\/scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/Q6H80R4R\">(2008) 5 SCC 449<\/a>, in which it was held that an <em>&#8220;association of persons\/body of individuals&#8221; was one in which two or more persons join in a common purpose and common action to achieve some common benefit. As per Section 3 of the NI Act, the trustees do not get benefit out of the trust. Therefore, it could not be said that the trustees were persons joined together for a common action to achieve some common benefit. Since, the common purpose of the &#8220;Trust&#8221; was not to achieve benefit to the trustees, the &#8220;Trust&#8221; could not be said to be an &#8220;association of persons\/body of individuals&#8221;<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In view of the above, it was held that the &#8220;Trust&#8221; was neither a &#8220;body corporate&#8221; nor an &#8220;association of individuals&#8221; as provided in the explanation to Section 141 of the NI Act. Therefore, no prosecution against the petitioners, the trustees, invoking the provisions under Section 141 of the NI Act could be maintained. Consequently, no successful prosecution against the petitioners, invoking the provisions of Section 141 of the NI Act, could be sustained as the petitioners did not sign the cheque involved in the instant case. The complaint and further proceedings against the petitioners in the instant case were quashed.[N.M. Nabeesa v. State of Kerala, <a href=\"http:\/\/scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/UtxIld81\"><b>2019 SCC OnLine Ker 2481<\/b><\/a>, decided on 06-02-2019]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Kerala High Court: B Sudheendra Kumar, J. allowed the petition and quashed the complaint and further proceedings against the petitioners which were <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8808,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,10],"tags":[36938,36937,23584,36936,14611],"class_list":["post-217712","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-casebriefs","category-highcourts","tag-association","tag-ownership-of-property","tag-section-138-ni-act","tag-section-141-ni-act","tag-trust"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.4 (Yoast SEO v26.4) - 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Ilanthiraiyan, J., allowed a criminal original petition and quashed the proceedings in a criminal case filed against the petitioner. Instant petition was filed to quash the proceedings pending on the file of Judicial Magistrate having been taken cognizance for the offences under Section 420 of Penal\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":226908,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2020\/03\/12\/del-hc-proceedings-under-s-138-ni-act-quashed-against-independent-non-executive-directors-not-involved-in-day-to-day-affairs-of-company\/","url_meta":{"origin":217712,"position":1},"title":"Del HC | Proceedings under S. 138 NI Act quashed against Independent Non-executive Directors not involved in day-to-day affairs of Company","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"March 12, 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"Delhi High Court:\u00a0Manoj Kumar Ohri, J., while allowed the present petition and quashed the impugned order summoning the petitioners under Section 138 Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881. Petitioners in the present case were summoned for the offence\u00a0punishable under Section 138 NI Act. Respondent filed a complaint stating that the accused were\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":325301,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2024\/06\/28\/jharkhand-hc-quashes-criminal-proceedings-against-century-cement\/","url_meta":{"origin":217712,"position":2},"title":"\u2018Typical example of frivolous litigants abusing the Court process\u2019; Jharkhand HC quashes criminal proceedings against Century Cement","author":"Arushi","date":"June 28, 2024","format":false,"excerpt":"The Court stated that when the case under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881 was already filed by the petitioners, Respondent 2 had all the opportunity to defend in that pending complaint case, and without doing so, present complaint case was filed implicating the petitioners.","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Jharkhand High Court","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Jharkhand-High-Court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Jharkhand-High-Court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Jharkhand-High-Court.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Jharkhand-High-Court.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":261058,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2022\/02\/03\/whether-proceedings-under-ss-138-and-141-of-ni-act-can-be-initiated-against-corporate-debtor-during-moratorium-period\/","url_meta":{"origin":217712,"position":3},"title":"Whether proceedings under Ss. 138 and 141 of NI Act can be initiated against corporate debtor during moratorium period? Madras HC answers","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"February 3, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"Madras High Court: N. Sathish Kumar, J., while addressing a matter with regard to the dishonour of cheques under Section 138 of Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881, held that the moratorium provision contained in Section 14 of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, would apply only to corporate debtor, but the natural\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Madras_New-logo.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Madras_New-logo.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Madras_New-logo.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Madras_New-logo.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Madras_New-logo.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":217422,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2019\/07\/29\/del-hc-summons-issued-under-s-138-ni-act-quashed-in-absence-of-necessary-averments-in-the-complaint\/","url_meta":{"origin":217712,"position":4},"title":"Del HC | Summons issued under S. 138 NI Act quashed in absence of necessary averments in the complaint","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"July 29, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"Delhi High Court:\u00a0Sunil Gaur, J. allowed a petition filed against the order of the trial court whereby it had passed summoning orders against the petitioners in a complaint filed for committing of an offence under Section 138\u00a0(dishonour of cheque)\u00a0of the Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881. The petitioners, represented by Senior Advocate\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":295786,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2023\/07\/01\/delhi-high-court-sets-aside-summon-order-lack-of-specific-allegations-against-directors-legal-updates\/","url_meta":{"origin":217712,"position":5},"title":"Dishonour of Cheque: Delhi High Court sets aside summon order due to lack of specific allegations against directors in the complaint","author":"Arunima","date":"July 1, 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"The Delhi High Court observed that the wanton arraignment of directors without reference to their role in relation to a transaction, or to the issuance or dishonour of a cheque by the company, requires to be deprecated and discouraged, since it amounts to abuse of the salutary process of criminal\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"delhi high court","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/delhi-high-court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/delhi-high-court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/delhi-high-court.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/delhi-high-court.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]}],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/217712","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8808"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=217712"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/217712\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=217712"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=217712"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=217712"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}