{"id":216789,"date":"2019-07-12T16:00:52","date_gmt":"2019-07-12T10:30:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?p=216789"},"modified":"2019-08-01T14:53:33","modified_gmt":"2019-08-01T09:23:33","slug":"pak-sc-court-lays-down-estimator-variables-to-verify-credibility-of-an-eyewitness-holds-such-verification-to-be-mandatory-after-conducting-of-test-identification-parade","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2019\/07\/12\/pak-sc-court-lays-down-estimator-variables-to-verify-credibility-of-an-eyewitness-holds-such-verification-to-be-mandatory-after-conducting-of-test-identification-parade\/","title":{"rendered":"Pak SC | Court lays down \u201cestimator variables\u201d to verify credibility of an eyewitness \u2013 holds such verification to be mandatory, after conducting of test identification parade"},"content":{"rendered":"

Supreme Court of Pakistan:<\/strong> A Full Bench of Asif Saeed Khan Khosa, CJ and Sajjad Ali Shah and Syed Mansoor Ali Shah, JJ. set aside the convictions and sentences of Abdul Rashid and Rashid Aziz Rana and acquitted them of the charge by extending the benefit of doubt to them. Criminal Appeal No. 306-L of 2012 seeking enhancement of the sentence of Abdul Rashid was dismissed.<\/p>\n

Dr Tofeeq Ahmed was robbed and shot dead in the driving seat of his car in 2006. An FIR was registered against two unknown persons, at Police Station North Cantonment, Lahore under Sections 392 and 203 of the Pakistan Penal Code, 1860 on 30-08-2006. Upon appeal, the convictions and sentences of the appellants were maintained to the extent that the sentence of death in the case of Abdul Rashid (appellant) was converted into imprisonment for life.<\/p>\n

The Court, based on the arguments put forth by the learned counsel for the parties, observed that the case of the prosecution mainly hinged on the ocular account of two eye witnesses, PW 8 and PW 11. The Court noted that there was a delay of 15 hours in the post-mortem examination. \u00a0Further on, the Court reasoned that there was no blackening reported in the post-mortem examination reports which shouldn’t be the case as the shot was fired from a distance of 4 feet and hence would have caused blackening. The Court, on account of these discrepancies in the procedure, held that there was a ring of suspicion cast around the probability and credence of the prosecution’s story.<\/p>\n

Then the Court discussed the Test Identification Parade (TIP) that was conducted to verify the identity of the appellants. The Court observed that the TIP was silent regarding the description of the unknown accused given by the complainant in the report while a TIP can only commence, once suspects matching the description in the crime report or in the statements of the witnesses under section 161 CrPC have been arrested. The Court cited State\/Government of<\/em> Sindh v. Sobharo<\/em>, 1993 SCMR 585 to opine that selection of the suspects, without any correlation with a description of the accused in the first information report, raised doubts and made the identification proceedings doubtful rendering the identification evidence inconsequential. The Court also referred to Kanwar Anwaar Ali,<\/em>\u00a0PLJ 2019 Sc (Cr.C.) 153 and stated that joint parade passed for suggestive and indicative identification, compromising the reliability of the witness and opening doors to misidentification, rendering TIP untrustworthy. In view of the above, the Court held that the Test Identification Parade conducted in the present case was fraught with several infirmities diminishing its evidentiary value.<\/p>\n

The Court then proceeded to discuss the testimony of the eye witness for which the Court relied upon Mohammed Yaqoob<\/em> (1989 P Cr.L.J. 2227) in which the Lahore High Court observed, “A witness may be honest, independent and truthful but then his memory may be faulty.”<\/em> \u00a0In view of this, the Court underlined the importance of assessing the ability and capacity of the eye witness, separately, to identify the accused in the circumstances of the case. The Court then citing scientific research of Daniel B. Wright & Anne T. McDaid which established that estimator variables like stress, weapon focus, duration, distance and lighting, witness characteristics, characteristics of perpetrator and memory decay negatively affected the memory process, opined that identification of an accused, therefore, was a two-step process. First, the suspects underwent a test identification parade and second, the credibility of the eye witness was assessed by weighing the evidence in the light of the estimator variables.<\/p>\n

The Court, analyzing the aforementioned estimator variables, acquitted the appellants of the charge by extending them the benefit of doubt as it was not certain that the visual recognition of the appellants by the complainant on a fateful night was unhindered and unhampered especially when he was fired at first and allegedly saw the occurrence under stress of a threat. The Court also dismissed the appeal seeking enhancement of the sentence of Abdul Rashid.[Mian Sohail Ahmed v. State, 2019 SCC OnLine Pak SC 12<\/b><\/a>, decided on 24-04-2019]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Supreme Court of Pakistan: A Full Bench of Asif Saeed Khan Khosa, CJ and Sajjad Ali Shah and Syed Mansoor Ali Shah, <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8808,"featured_media":66141,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,12],"tags":[36587,36585,36586,30267],"class_list":["post-216789","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-casebriefs","category-foreigncourts","tag-credibility-of-eyewitness","tag-enhancement-of-sentence","tag-estimator-variables","tag-test-identification-parade"],"yoast_head":"\nPak SC | Court lays down \u201cestimator variables\u201d to verify credibility of an eyewitness \u2013 holds such verification to be mandatory, after conducting of test identification parade | SCC Times<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, 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Indulia","date":"July 2, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"Supreme Court of Pakistan: A Division Bench of Asif Saeed Khan Khosa, C.J. and Syed Mansoor Ali Shah, J. in the current order consolidated all the relevant precedents and the best practices pertaining to the Test Identification Parade so as to remove confusions regarding their legal position in future. The\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/supreme_court_of_jpakistan.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/supreme_court_of_jpakistan.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/supreme_court_of_jpakistan.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/supreme_court_of_jpakistan.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/supreme_court_of_jpakistan.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":234322,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2020\/08\/20\/rules-and-principles-of-identification-under-criminal-justice-system\/","url_meta":{"origin":216789,"position":1},"title":"Rules and Principles of Identification under Criminal Justice System\u00a0","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"August 20, 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"by Sarvesh Kumar Shahi*","rel":"","context":"In "Op Eds"","block_context":{"text":"Op Eds","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/op-ed\/legal-analysis\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Criminal-Justice-System.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Criminal-Justice-System.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Criminal-Justice-System.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Criminal-Justice-System.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Criminal-Justice-System.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":199552,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2018\/08\/03\/test-identification-parade-not-obligatory-failure-does-not-make-evidence-of-identification-inadmissible-in-court-sc\/","url_meta":{"origin":216789,"position":2},"title":"Test Identification Parade not obligatory; failure does not make evidence of identification inadmissible in Court: SC","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"August 3, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"Supreme Court: N.V. Ramana, J., delivered the judgment for himself and S. Abdul Nazeer, J., dismissing the appeal filed against the decision of Patna High Court affirming the conviction and sentence awarded to the appellant by the trial court. The appellant along with other co-accused was convicted under Section 396\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Case Briefs"","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/Supreme-Court_Colour.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/Supreme-Court_Colour.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/Supreme-Court_Colour.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/Supreme-Court_Colour.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/Supreme-Court_Colour.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":276437,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2022\/11\/01\/former-district-and-sessions-judge-abdul-rashid-malik-appointed-as-senior-aag-by-jammu-kashmir-government\/","url_meta":{"origin":216789,"position":3},"title":"Former District and Sessions Judge Abdul Rashid Malik appointed as Senior AAG by Jammu & Kashmir Government","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"November 1, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"Former District and Sessions Judge Abdul Rashid Malik has been appointed as Senior Additional Advocate General (AAG) to represent the Jammu & Kashmir Government before the Srinagar wing of the High Court of Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh. He has been appointed for a period of one year which shall\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Appointments & Transfers"","block_context":{"text":"Appointments & Transfers","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/news\/appointments\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/MicrosoftTeams-image-195-1.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/MicrosoftTeams-image-195-1.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/MicrosoftTeams-image-195-1.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/MicrosoftTeams-image-195-1.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/MicrosoftTeams-image-195-1.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":249388,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2021\/06\/07\/criminal-justice-system\/","url_meta":{"origin":216789,"position":4},"title":"Identification by witness: In criminal justice system","author":"Editor","date":"June 7, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"by Prerna Mohan\u2020","rel":"","context":"In "Op Eds"","block_context":{"text":"Op Eds","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/op-ed\/legal-analysis\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Criminal.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Criminal.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Criminal.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Criminal.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Criminal.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":296498,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2023\/07\/11\/article-370-shah-faesal-and-shahla-rashid-drops-out-as-petitioners-legal-news\/","url_meta":{"origin":216789,"position":5},"title":"Article 370 matter back on track after 2020: Shah Faesal, Shehla Rashid drop out as Petitioners; Cause Title amended to \u2018In Re: Article 370 of the Constitution\u2019","author":"Editor","date":"July 11, 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"The hearing of the matter will begin from 02-08-2023. Here is all you need to know about the Article 370 of the Constitution case.","rel":"","context":"In "Hot Off The Press"","block_context":{"text":"Hot Off The Press","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/news\/hot_off_the_press\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"article 370","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/article-370.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/article-370.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/article-370.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/article-370.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]}],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/216789","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8808"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=216789"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/216789\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/66141"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=216789"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=216789"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=216789"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}