{"id":216487,"date":"2019-07-05T12:00:02","date_gmt":"2019-07-05T06:30:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?p=216487"},"modified":"2019-07-05T10:57:16","modified_gmt":"2019-07-05T05:27:16","slug":"kenya-hc-anti-homosexuality-law-upheld-decriminalization-of-same-sex-relations-held-to-be-a-threat-to-institution-of-marriage-protected-under-constitution-of-kenya","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2019\/07\/05\/kenya-hc-anti-homosexuality-law-upheld-decriminalization-of-same-sex-relations-held-to-be-a-threat-to-institution-of-marriage-protected-under-constitution-of-kenya\/","title":{"rendered":"Kenya HC | Anti-homosexuality law upheld: Decriminalization of same-sex relations held to be a threat to institution of marriage protected under Constitution of Kenya"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Kenya<\/strong><strong> of High Court, Nairobi: <\/strong>A Full Bench of Roselyne Aburili, E.C. Mwita and John M. Mativo, JJ. dismissed a petition regarding the removal of the ban on same-sex relations.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The petitioner had challenged the constitutionality of Sections 162 and 165 of the Penal Code, 1930 which prohibited unnatural offences in the form of carnal intercourse against the order of nature and indecent practices between males, whether in public or in private. The petitioners contended that the two provisions violated the right to privacy and dignity of the Kenyans guaranteed under the Constitution of Kenya as it made the Lesbians, Gay, Bisexuals, Transgender, Intersex and Queer (LGBTIQ) community in Kenya perpetually exposed to risk of arrest, prosecution, denial of liberty, intimidation and mistreatment. The impugned penal provisions were stated to be violative of Article 27 (equality and freedom from discrimination), Article 28 (human dignity), Article 29 (freedom and security of the person), Article 31 (privacy), Article 32 (freedom of conscience, religion, belief and opinion), Article 43 (highest standard of health) and Article 50 (the right to fair hearing).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The petitioner also argued that the petition neither concerns same-sex marriage, nor does it seek to legalize same-sex marriage; and, if successful, it will not have the effect of mandating or requiring Kenya to recognize same-sex marriage. He maintained that the petition only challenged the criminalization and severe punishment provided under the criminal law for the fundamental and inborn characterization of their sexual orientation.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The counsel for the petitioners argued that Section 162 of the Penal Code did not define the phrases <em>\u2018unnatural offences\u2019<\/em>, <em>\u2018against the order of nature\u2019<\/em>; and it was unclear whether the phrases meant sexual intercourse or include oral, anal, vaginal sex, or whether they include any other contact with the genital organ of another person. Regarding Section 165 of the Code, it was submitted that the phrases <em>\u2018indecency with another male person\u2019<\/em> and <em>\u2018any act of gross indecency with another male person\u2019<\/em> were unclear. The counsels placed relied on the cases of US, UK, Ireland, South Africa, and also on Indian cases <em>Naz Foundation v. Govt. (NCT of Delhi), <\/em><a href=\"http:\/\/scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/OQj56MHe\">(2016) 15 SCC 619<\/a>, decided by the Delhi High Court and<em> Navtej Singh Johar v. Union of India<\/em>, <a href=\"http:\/\/scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/JYIj0u6D\">(2018) 1 SCC 791<\/a> decided by the Supreme Court of India, where the constitutionality of Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code, 1860 was under challenge. The said Section 377\u00a0 was similar to the disputed Sections herein and was also a colonial-era law that criminalized homosexual acts as an unnatural offence. The counsel also stated that many other countries around the world had decriminalized homosexuality.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The Court opined that the phrase <em>\u2018carnal knowledge\u2019<\/em> had been judicially defined in <em>Gaolete v. State<\/em> to mean <em>\u201cpenetration through the anus that makes the intercourse \u2018against the order of nature\u2019 and therefore provides the other element of the offence.\u201d <\/em>It was further observed that \u2018unnatural offence\u2019 was defined in Law Dictionary; and \u2018indecent act\u2019 was defined under Section 2 of the Sexual Offences Act, 2006. Thus, the Court refused to strike down the impugned provisions as unconstitutional on the basis of ambiguity and vagueness, opining that the impugned phrases had been clearly defined in law dictionaries and in a catena of judicial pronouncements.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">While dealing with impugned provisions\u2019 consonance with Constitution, it was opined where there is a legitimate reason, then, the conduct or the law complained of cannot amount to discrimination. It was held that the impugned provisions apply equally to heterosexuals and was not targeted at a particular community (LGBTIQ herein).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The Court further held that petitioners had not produced any tangible evidence to support the alleged violation of the Constitution. It was opined that he who makes an allegation, has the onus to prove every element constituting his or her cause of action, and this includes sufficient facts to justify a finding that his rights have been violated.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The Court opined that the foreign judgments relied on in support of their case by the petitioners, were only of persuasive value and caution must be exercised while placing reliance on foreign jurisprudence in cases alleging infraction of Constitutional rights. The Court observed that decriminalizing homosexuality would pose a threat to the institution of marriage protected under Article 45 of the Constitution of Kenya, which provided that family was a natural and fundamental unit of society and a necessary basis for social order, and shall enjoy the recognition and protection of the State; and, that<em>, \u201cevery adult had a right to marry a person of the opposite sex, based on the free consent of the parties.\u201d<\/em>\u00a0 Hence, the contention that the petitioners do not seek recognition of same-sex marriages, did not guarantee the authenticity of the institution of marriage as adopted by the Kenyan society.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In view of the above, the Court upheld the constitutionality of the impugned penal provisions.[EG v. Attorney General, Petition No. 150 of 2016, decided on 24-05-2019]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Kenya of High Court, Nairobi: A Full Bench of Roselyne Aburili, E.C. Mwita and John M. Mativo, JJ. dismissed a petition regarding <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8808,"featured_media":216494,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,12],"tags":[36455,36454,30945,30686,36453,19501,36456],"class_list":["post-216487","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-casebriefs","category-foreigncourts","tag-constitution-of-kenya","tag-decriminalisation-of-same-sex-relations","tag-homosexuality","tag-lgbtq","tag-same-sex-relations","tag-section-377-ipc","tag-sections-162-and-165-of-the-penal-code-1930"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.4 (Yoast SEO v26.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Kenya HC | Anti-homosexuality law upheld: Decriminalization of same-sex relations held to be a threat to institution of marriage protected under Constitution of Kenya | SCC Times<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2019\/07\/05\/kenya-hc-anti-homosexuality-law-upheld-decriminalization-of-same-sex-relations-held-to-be-a-threat-to-institution-of-marriage-protected-under-constitution-of-kenya\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Kenya HC | Anti-homosexuality law upheld: Decriminalization of same-sex relations held to be a threat to institution of marriage protected under Constitution of Kenya\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Kenya of High Court, Nairobi: A Full Bench of Roselyne Aburili, E.C. 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Kenya","author":"Sucheta","date":"March 3, 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"With a ratio of 3:2, the Supreme Court of Kenya delivered a significant decision by holding that it would be unconstitutional to limit the right to form association purely based on sexual orientation.","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Supreme Court of Kenya","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/MicrosoftTeams-image-613.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/MicrosoftTeams-image-613.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/MicrosoftTeams-image-613.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, 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Such criminalization\u2026.disproportionally impacts on the lives and dignity of LGBT persons. It perpetuates stigma and shame against homosexuals and renders them recluse and outcasts\u2026. Such penal provisions exceed the proper ambit and function of criminal law\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Botswana-HC.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Botswana-HC.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Botswana-HC.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Botswana-HC.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Botswana-HC.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":238270,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2020\/10\/31\/is-decriminalisation-of-homosexuality-enough\/","url_meta":{"origin":216487,"position":2},"title":"Is Decriminalisation of homosexuality enough?","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"October 31, 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"by Aastha & Aryaman*","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Op Eds&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Op Eds","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/op-ed\/legal-analysis\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/discrimination-4.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/discrimination-4.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/discrimination-4.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/discrimination-4.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/discrimination-4.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":265381,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2022\/04\/13\/can-promise-to-marry-a-married-woman-be-legally-enforceable-wherein-she-voluntarily-formed-sexual-relations-with-a-man\/","url_meta":{"origin":216487,"position":3},"title":"Can promise to marry a married woman be legally enforceable wherein she voluntarily formed sexual relations with a man? Ker HC explains","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"April 13, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"Kerala High Court: Dr Kauser Edappagath, J., addressed a matter wherein a married woman voluntarily had sex with her former lover. In the present matter, the petitioner who was the sole accused faced trial for the offences punishable under Sections 376(1) and 376(2)(n) of the Penal Code, 1860. The prosecution\u2019s\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":212592,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2019\/03\/28\/draconian-new-penal-code-death-by-stoning-as-punishment-for-homosexuality-and-adultery-in-brunei\/","url_meta":{"origin":216487,"position":4},"title":"Draconian New Penal Code | &#8220;Death by stoning&#8221; as punishment for Homosexuality and Adultery in Brunei","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"March 28, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"In the southeast Asian nation of Brunei a new law proposed\u00a0Homosexuality and Adultery to be punishable by death. As per the new law, anyone found to be guilty of the offenses will be stoned to death. The capital punishments are to be \u201cwitnessed by a group of Muslims.\u201d Beginning on\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Hot Off The Press&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Hot Off The Press","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/news\/hot_off_the_press\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/BRUNEI.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/BRUNEI.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/BRUNEI.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/BRUNEI.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/BRUNEI.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":105781,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2017\/03\/22\/kenya-high-court-strikes-down-criminal-defamation-holds-it-is-not-a-limitation-to-freedom-of-speech\/","url_meta":{"origin":216487,"position":5},"title":"Kenya High Court strikes down criminal defamation, holds it is not a limitation to Freedom of Speech","author":"Saba","date":"March 22, 2017","format":false,"excerpt":"Kenya High Court at Nairobi:\u00a0The High Court has struck down the provisions of Criminal Defamation in its Penal Code. The Court observed that such a provision as a threat to Freedom of Speech and Expression saying that this right in a spirited democracy is a highly treasured value and it\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/Defamation-1.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/Defamation-1.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/Defamation-1.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/Defamation-1.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/Defamation-1.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]}],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/216487","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8808"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=216487"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/216487\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/216494"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=216487"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=216487"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=216487"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}