{"id":215313,"date":"2019-06-04T11:30:36","date_gmt":"2019-06-04T06:00:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?p=215313"},"modified":"2019-06-20T15:53:35","modified_gmt":"2019-06-20T10:23:35","slug":"kenya-hc-conviction-on-basis-of-circumstantial-evidence-can-be-found-only-if-events-form-close-knit-chain-without-any-breakage-or-interruption","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2019\/06\/04\/kenya-hc-conviction-on-basis-of-circumstantial-evidence-can-be-found-only-if-events-form-close-knit-chain-without-any-breakage-or-interruption\/","title":{"rendered":"Kenya HC | Conviction on basis of circumstantial evidence can be found only if events form close-knit chain without any breakage or interruption"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Kenya High Court, Nyahururu:<\/strong> R.P.V. Wendoh, J. passed a judgment directing acquittal of an accused in the absence of sound circumstantial evidence.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">A child was found dead in Nyahururu, Kenya. The reason for the death was found to be strangulation leaving a dark swollen mark around the neck of the deceased child. The police was called and the investigating officer noticed that the younger brother of the deceased child also had the same swollen mark on his neck, however, he never bothered to interrogate that child. The deceased used to live with father, brother and father&#8217;s second wife as the mother of the deceased had parted from his father and he was under the custody of the father. Police suspected David Wang&#8217;ondu Githiru, father of the deceased for the murder but when they tried arresting him, he started to run with an intention of escaping from the scene.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Learned counsel for the prosecution, Mutembei called upon nine witnesses who testified the death of the deceased and the swollen mark present on his neck. One of the witnesses also testified the presence of the same mark on the neck of the younger brother of the deceased. The testimony of the witnesses created a chain of events which somewhat placed accused as the probable murderer.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Learned counsel for the defendant, Kihoro contended before the Court that the circumstantial pieces of evidence brought before the Court were hollow as it did not answer as to who killed the child. He further argued that when the accused reached his home on that evening, the child informed him that he was sick. However, the accused had no money at that time so he started to arrange money. Around 3:00 a.m. the next day, he was taken to the hospital but he had died by that time.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The Court after hearing both the sides observed that the case turns on purely circumstantial evidence. It was opined that for the Court to rule a conviction on such evidence, events leading to the death of deceased must form a chain so closely knit together without any breakage or interruption. But, the present case did not give a very strong circumstantial evidence whose final outcome could be relied upon. The Court thus reiterated the judgment passed in <em>Sawe v. Republic, <\/em>(2003) KLR 364 in which it was opined that <strong><em>\u201cSuspicion, however strong, cannot provide basis for inferring guilt which must be proved by evidence beyond reasonable doubt.\u201d<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Thus, the Court in absence of the proof beyond reasonable doubt acquitted the accused. [Republic v. David Wang&#8217;ondu Githuru, <a href=\"http:\/\/scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/r7T2LobY\"><b>2018 SCC OnLine Ken 1<\/b><\/a>, decided on 24-10-2018]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Kenya High Court, Nyahururu: R.P.V. Wendoh, J. passed a judgment directing acquittal of an accused in the absence of sound circumstantial evidence. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8808,"featured_media":215314,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,12],"tags":[4561,6431,3433,3468,11381],"class_list":["post-215313","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-casebriefs","category-foreigncourts","tag-acquittal","tag-beyond-reasonable-doubt","tag-circumstantial_evidence","tag-conviction","tag-suspicion"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.4 (Yoast SEO v26.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Kenya HC | Conviction on basis of circumstantial evidence can be found only if events form close-knit chain without any breakage or interruption | SCC Times<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2019\/06\/04\/kenya-hc-conviction-on-basis-of-circumstantial-evidence-can-be-found-only-if-events-form-close-knit-chain-without-any-breakage-or-interruption\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Kenya HC | Conviction on basis of circumstantial evidence can be found only if events form close-knit chain without any breakage or interruption\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Kenya High Court, Nyahururu: R.P.V. 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2025","format":false,"excerpt":"The Court found that circumstances in the case constitute more than a prima facie case to enable the prosecution to invoke Section 106 of the Evidence Act and shift the burden on the accused husband to explain what had happened on the day & date his wife died.","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"wife murder husband conviction","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/wife-murder-husband-conviction.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/wife-murder-husband-conviction.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/wife-murder-husband-conviction.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, 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crime ; Conviction reversed","author":"Editor","date":"August 2, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"\u00a0 \u00a0 Tripura High Court: The Division Bench of Amarnath Goud and Arindam Lodh, JJ. allowed an appeal which was filed against the judgment of Sessions Judge convicting the appellant under Section 302 of the Penal Code, 1860 (IPC). Marriage ceremony was solemnized in between the deceased Sima and the\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":225564,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2020\/02\/13\/bom-hc-homicidal-death-for-a-crime-to-be-proved-it-is-not-necessary-that-it-must-be-been-seen-to-have-committed-offence-can-be-proved-by-circumstantial-evidence\/","url_meta":{"origin":215313,"position":3},"title":"Bom HC | Homicidal Death | For a crime to be proved, it is not necessary that it must be seen to have been committed","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"February 13, 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"Bombay High Court: A Division Bench of Surendra P. Tavade and Ranjit More, JJ., while dealing with a case in regard to homicidal death upheld the decision of the trial court which was in challenge before the Bench. In the present case, appellant preferred the appeal against the Judgment passed\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":342224,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2025\/02\/25\/sc-acquits-man-accused-of-kidnapping-killing-16-year-old-alleged-girlfriend-after-21-years-legal-battle\/","url_meta":{"origin":215313,"position":4},"title":"SC acquits man accused of kidnapping &amp; killing 16-year-old alleged girlfriend after 21 years of legal battle","author":"Editor","date":"February 25, 2025","format":false,"excerpt":"\u201cWhen one of the three circumstances was disbelieved and discarded by the High Court, then the chain of circumstantial evidence could not have been held to be complete and proved and on that basis to hold the accused guilty of the offence.\u201d","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Acquittal in girlfriend\u2019s murder","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Acquittal-in-girlfriends-murder.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Acquittal-in-girlfriends-murder.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Acquittal-in-girlfriends-murder.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Acquittal-in-girlfriends-murder.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":196131,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2018\/05\/19\/no-infirmity-in-conviction-based-on-circumstantial-evidence-forming-complete-chain-pointing-to-guilt-of-accused\/","url_meta":{"origin":215313,"position":5},"title":"No infirmity in conviction based on circumstantial evidence forming complete chain pointing to guilt of accused","author":"Saba","date":"May 19, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"Delhi High Court: A Division Bench comprising of Murlidhar and I.S. Mehta, JJ., dismissed an appeal against conviction for offence under Section 302 r\/w 34 IPC wherein the appellants were sentenced to life imprisonment with fine of Rs 5000 each. The appellants had been found guilty of murdering a youth\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]}],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/215313","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8808"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=215313"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/215313\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/215314"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=215313"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=215313"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=215313"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}