{"id":212030,"date":"2019-03-14T17:00:28","date_gmt":"2019-03-14T11:30:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?p=212030"},"modified":"2019-04-04T14:15:46","modified_gmt":"2019-04-04T08:45:46","slug":"coa-tanzania-corroboration-of-material-witness-required-for-the-offence-of-rape","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2019\/03\/14\/coa-tanzania-corroboration-of-material-witness-required-for-the-offence-of-rape\/","title":{"rendered":"CoA Tanzania | Corroboration of material witness required for the offence of rape"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Court of Appeal of Tanzania: <\/strong>The Bench of K.M. Mussa, S.A. Lila and R.K.Mkuye, JJ., decided in an appeal concerning the conviction of the appellant for the offence of \u201cRape\u201d contrary to Sections 130(1) (2) (e) and 131 (1) of the Penal Code, Cap 16 R.E. 2002.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Appellant was sentenced to life imprisonment and for the said his appeal to the High Court was unsuccessful. Hence, the second appeal.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In the evening of the fateful day, the appellant went to Beatrice Ishiaka\u2019s (PW1) home and took PW1 together with Pascal Mode to the orange farm to harvest oranges. While at the farm the appellant ordered PW1 to sit down and get the money. However, the appellant raped her. Thereafter, PW1 went home and informed her grandmother (PW3) to have been raped by the appellant. The matter was reported to the relevant authorities which led to the appellant\u2019s arrest.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Appellant denied to have raped PW1 and lodged a memorandum of appeal comprising 4 grounds of appeal.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The Court of Appeal while reaching to a conclusion went through the grounds of appeal, facts and the material on record in the most careful manner and stated that<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u201c<em>Court is required to be cautious and very slow to disturb the concurrent findings of facts of the two courts below. The Court could only do that if there are completely misapprehensions of the substance, nature and quality of evidence which result into fair conviction<\/em>.\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Further, the Court on examining the grounds of appeal mentioned by the appellant dealt with only ground number 3 and 4 that touched the \u201c<strong>credibility of witnesses\u201d <\/strong>and the \u201c<strong>standard of proof\u201d<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Placing reliance on the case of <em>Aloyce Mgovano v. Republic<\/em>, Criminal Appeal No. 182 of 2011; Court dealt with <strong>\u201ccredibility of witnesses\u201d. <\/strong>In the said case, Court also cited <em>Shabani Daudi v. Republic<\/em>, Criminal Appeal No. 28 of 2000; wherein it was stated that,<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Credibility of a witness can also be determined in two other ways: one, when assessing the coherence of the testimony of the witness. Two when the testimony of that witness is considered in relation with the evidence of other witnesses, including that of the accused person. In these two other occasions the credibility of a witness can be determined even by a second appellate court when examining the findings of the first appellate court.\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Court stated that evidence of PW1 was taken without the oath. This is a situation where corroboration was required. It is settled law that unsworn evidence most often requires corroboration. Unfortunately, Pascal Mode who was with PW1 did not testify. PW2 and PW3 cannot be taken to corroborate her evidence as their evidence was mere hearsay as regards to who raped PW1. It was also observed that even if PW 3 saw some features suggesting that PW 1 was raped, she could not be in a position to know who did it.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Hence, the Court concluded that, unfortunately, no reasons for failure to call Pascal were given as he was a material witness in the present case which led the Court to agree with appellant and merit was found in the stated grounds. Appeal was allowed and conviction quashed and set aside, with the release of the appellant. [Raphael Mhando v. Republic, <a href=\"http:\/\/scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/OLR15b1F\"><b>2019 SCC OnLine TZCA 1<\/b><\/a>, Order dated 01-03-2019]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Court of Appeal of Tanzania: The Bench of K.M. Mussa, S.A. Lila and R.K.Mkuye, JJ., decided in an appeal concerning the conviction <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8808,"featured_media":212031,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,12],"tags":[2600,34364,2572,34365],"class_list":["post-212030","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-casebriefs","category-foreigncourts","tag-corroboration","tag-credibility-of-witnesses","tag-Rape","tag-standard-of-proof"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.4 (Yoast SEO v26.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>CoA Tanzania | Corroboration of material witness required for the offence of rape | SCC Times<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2019\/03\/14\/coa-tanzania-corroboration-of-material-witness-required-for-the-offence-of-rape\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"CoA Tanzania | Corroboration of material witness required for the offence of rape\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Court of Appeal of Tanzania: The Bench of K.M. 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Court discusses","author":"Editor","date":"December 29, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"Court of Appeal of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka: The Division Bench of K Priyantha Fernando and Sampath B Abayakoon, JJ., allowed the appeal against the conviction order of the High Court of Chilaw for Rape under Section 364(1) of the Penal Code and held appellant guilty of\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/Supreme-Court-of-Sri-Lanka.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/Supreme-Court-of-Sri-Lanka.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/Supreme-Court-of-Sri-Lanka.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/Supreme-Court-of-Sri-Lanka.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/Supreme-Court-of-Sri-Lanka.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":242785,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2021\/01\/25\/bombay-hc-on-sexual-assault-would-pressing-of-breast-and-attempt-to-remove-salwar-of-a-child-fall-under-s-7-and-punishable-under-s-8-of-pocso-act\/","url_meta":{"origin":212030,"position":1},"title":"[Reversed] Bombay HC on Sexual Assault | Would \u2018pressing of breast\u2019 and \u2018attempt to remove salwar\u2019 of a child fall under S. 7 and punishable under S. 8 of POCSO Act?","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"January 25, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"UPDATE: This Judgment of the Bombay High Court has now been reversed by a 3-Judge Bench of the Supreme Court of India after the matter was mentioned by the Attorney General for India and appeals were filed by the State of Maharashtra and the National Commission for Women. Bombay High\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":237806,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2020\/10\/21\/mp-hc-delay-in-lodging-of-fir-is-no-ground-to-discard-the-prosecutions-case-in-its-entirety-medical-corroboration-not-an-absolute-necessity-in-cases-of-gang-rape-mp-hc-rules\/","url_meta":{"origin":212030,"position":2},"title":"MP HC | Delay in lodging of FIR is no ground to discard the prosecution\u2019s case in its entirety, medical corroboration not an absolute necessity in cases of gang rape","author":"Editor","date":"October 21, 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"Madhya Pradesh High Court: Akhil Kumar Srivastava, J., dismissed the appeal under Section 14-A of the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act for the release of the appellant-accused in connection with the FIR registered for offence punishable Sections 363, 366, 344, 328, 506, 376(2)(N) and 376(D) of\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":240766,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2020\/12\/16\/ori-hc-conviction-under-attempt-to-rape-held-in-1990-was-set-aside-in-2020-due-to-lack-of-clear-evidence-appeal-allowed-partly\/","url_meta":{"origin":212030,"position":3},"title":"Ori HC | Conviction under attempt to rape held in 1990 was set aside in 2020 due to lack of clear evidence; Appeal allowed partly","author":"Editor","date":"December 16, 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"Orissa High Court: S.K. Sahoo J. allowed the appeal in part setting aside conviction under Sections 376\/511, 354 and 457 of\u00a0 Penal Code, 1860 and upholding conviction under Section 448 IPC. The facts of the case are such that on 03-10-1989 at about 9.30 p.m. while the victim\/informant was sleeping\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":214040,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2019\/04\/29\/bom-hc-even-where-victim-turned-hostile-conviction-for-rape-upheld-on-basis-of-material-corroboration-of-evidence\/","url_meta":{"origin":212030,"position":4},"title":"Bom HC | Even where victim turned hostile, conviction for rape upheld on basis of material corroboration of evidence","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"April 29, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"Bombay High Court:\u00a0Sadhana S. Jadhav, J. dismissed an appeal filed against the Judgment of the Additional Sessions Judge whereby the appellant was convicted for the offence of rape punishable under Section 376(2)(f)\u00a0IPC. This was a traumatic story of a minor victim aged 10 years who was sexually assaulted by her\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Bombay-HC.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":242805,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2021\/01\/25\/all-hc-a-woman-or-a-girl-who-is-raped-is-not-an-accomplice-hc-re-establishes-while-explaining-the-significance-of-testimony-of-rape-victim\/","url_meta":{"origin":212030,"position":5},"title":"All HC | \u201cA woman or a girl who is raped is not an accomplice\u201d: HC re-establishes while explaining the significance of testimony of rape victim","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"January 25, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"Allahabad High Court: The Division Bench of Ved Prakash Vaish and Vikas Kunvar Srivastav, JJ., expressed that: \u201cJustice demands that courts should impose punishment fitting to the crime. The courts must not only keep in view the rights of the criminal but also the rights of the victim of crime\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/All-HC-Lko-Bench_4.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/All-HC-Lko-Bench_4.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/All-HC-Lko-Bench_4.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/All-HC-Lko-Bench_4.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/All-HC-Lko-Bench_4.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]}],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/212030","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8808"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=212030"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/212030\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/212031"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=212030"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=212030"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=212030"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}