{"id":205953,"date":"2018-11-29T18:35:00","date_gmt":"2018-11-29T13:05:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?p=205953"},"modified":"2018-11-30T14:29:56","modified_gmt":"2018-11-30T08:59:56","slug":"homophobia-a-poor-law-of-the-victorian-era-cross-dressing-an-expression-of-identity-reiterating-fundamental-right-caribbean-court-of-justice","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2018\/11\/29\/homophobia-a-poor-law-of-the-victorian-era-cross-dressing-an-expression-of-identity-reiterating-fundamental-right-caribbean-court-of-justice\/","title":{"rendered":"Homophobia a \u2018Poor Law\u2019 of the Victorian era; Cross-dressing an expression of identity reiterating fundamental right: CCJ"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Caribbean Court of Justice (CCJ): <\/strong>A Five Judge Bench comprising of Saunders (President) and Wit, Barrow, Anderson, Rajnauth-Lee, JJ. allowed an appeal by directing the judicial officers to refrain from using the bench to proselytize or express any stereotypical opinion.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The appellants were transgenders who were arrested and detained for cross-dressing for an immoral purpose in public in accordance with Section 153(1)(xlvii) of the Summary Jurisdiction Offences Act. Further, the magistrate imposing sentence told them that, \u201cthey must go to church and give their lives to Jesus Christ as they were confused about their sexuality and that they were men, not women.\u201d Consequently, the appellants initiated constitutional proceedings against the alleged violation of rights under Articles 139(3) and 144(2)(b) of the Constitution.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The question before this Court was whether the above-stated section was an existing law immune from judicial scrutiny and what was the effect of a saving law clause as it was a fundamental plank upon which the respondent defended the challenge as to its constitutionality. The Court stated that Constitution has to be read as a whole wherein if one part of it runs up against the fundamental rights a saving clause shouldn\u2019t immunize law to an extent of contravention of the human rights except against public interest. Thereby outlining Article 149 of the Constitution, the Court said that an individual choice of attire was an expression of his\/her identity, infringement of which was unjustifiable interference with their right. Together with being vague as to its intentions, the section also criminalizes intentions and state of mind and thus was unconstitutional.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Accordingly, in order to eradicate homophobia in Guyana, Section 153(1)(xlvii) of the Summary Jurisdiction Offences Act was struck down. [Quincy Mc Ewan v. Attorney General of Guyana, [2018] CCJ 30 (AJ), order dated 13-11-2018]<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Caribbean Court of Justice (CCJ): A Five Judge Bench comprising of Saunders (President) and Wit, Barrow, Anderson, Rajnauth-Lee, JJ. allowed an appeal <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8808,"featured_media":198028,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,4631],"tags":[32642,9881,32641,32643],"class_list":["post-205953","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-casebriefs","category-international-courts","tag-cross-dressing","tag-fundamental-right","tag-homophobia","tag-summary-jurisdiction-offences-act"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.4 (Yoast SEO v26.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Homophobia a \u2018Poor Law\u2019 of the Victorian era; Cross-dressing an expression of identity reiterating fundamental right: CCJ | SCC Times<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2018\/11\/29\/homophobia-a-poor-law-of-the-victorian-era-cross-dressing-an-expression-of-identity-reiterating-fundamental-right-caribbean-court-of-justice\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Homophobia a \u2018Poor Law\u2019 of the Victorian era; Cross-dressing an expression of identity reiterating fundamental right: CCJ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Caribbean Court of Justice (CCJ): A Five Judge Bench comprising of Saunders (President) and Wit, Barrow, Anderson, Rajnauth-Lee, JJ. allowed an appeal\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2018\/11\/29\/homophobia-a-poor-law-of-the-victorian-era-cross-dressing-an-expression-of-identity-reiterating-fundamental-right-caribbean-court-of-justice\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"SCC Times\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/scc.online\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2018-11-29T13:05:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2018-11-30T08:59:56+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/CCJ.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1330\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"887\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Bhumika Indulia\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Bhumika Indulia\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"1 minute\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2018\/11\/29\/homophobia-a-poor-law-of-the-victorian-era-cross-dressing-an-expression-of-identity-reiterating-fundamental-right-caribbean-court-of-justice\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2018\/11\/29\/homophobia-a-poor-law-of-the-victorian-era-cross-dressing-an-expression-of-identity-reiterating-fundamental-right-caribbean-court-of-justice\/\",\"name\":\"Homophobia a \u2018Poor Law\u2019 of the Victorian era; 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BACKGROUND The facts of the case are such that criminal complaints were filed in the Magistrates\u2019 Court by the Respondents pursuant to Sections 56 and 59 of\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/CCJ.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/CCJ.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/CCJ.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/CCJ.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/CCJ.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":198004,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2018\/07\/05\/mandatory-death-penalty-in-barbados-declared-unconstitutional-ccj\/","url_meta":{"origin":205953,"position":1},"title":"Mandatory Death Penalty in Barbados held Unconstitutional: CCJ","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"July 5, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"Caribbean Court of Justice (CCJ): In the court of Sir Dennis Byron, President and Honourable\u00a0Justice Saunders, Wit, Hayton, Anderson, Rajnauth-Lee and Barrow JJ. two death penalty cases from Barbados were addressed together as the appeals challenged the murder convictions of each of the men and the constitutionality of the mandatory\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/CCJ.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/CCJ.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/CCJ.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/CCJ.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/CCJ.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":238971,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2020\/11\/10\/ccj-whether-an-application-seeking-to-challenge-the-maintainability-of-substantive-appeal-is-itself-maintainable-or-not-court-determines\/","url_meta":{"origin":205953,"position":2},"title":"CCJ | Whether an application seeking to challenge the maintainability of \u2018substantive appeal\u2019 is itself maintainable or not? Court determines","author":"Editor","date":"November 10, 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"Caribbean Court of Justice (CCJ): A Full Bench of J Wit, M. Rajnauth-Lee and P. Jamadar JJ. dismissed the application for special leave to appeal on merits. \u00a0The briefly stated facts are that the Respondent i.e Blairmont Rice Investments Inc. agreed to purchase from the Applicants i.e. Kayman Sankar Investments\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/CCJ.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/CCJ.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/CCJ.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/CCJ.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/CCJ.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":205890,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2018\/11\/28\/only-vindicatory-damages-awarded-for-failure-to-establish-link-between-the-breach-of-constitutional-right-and-closing-down-of-business\/","url_meta":{"origin":205953,"position":3},"title":"Only vindicatory damages awarded for failure to establish link between the breach of constitutional right and closing down of business","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"November 28, 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"Caribbean Court of Justice (CCJ): A Five Judge Bench comprising of Saunders (President) and Wit, Hayton, Anderson, and Rajnauth-Lee, JJ. awarded only vindicatory damages to the appellant as they could only prove breach of their constitutional right and no consequential damage thereto. There was an indictment unsealed in the United\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/CCJ.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/CCJ.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/CCJ.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/CCJ.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/CCJ.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":213809,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2019\/04\/20\/ccj-import-tax-dispute-on-cement-settled\/","url_meta":{"origin":205953,"position":4},"title":"CCJ | Import Tax dispute on &#8220;Cement&#8221; settled","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"April 20, 2019","format":false,"excerpt":"Port of Spain, Trinidad: Judgment was delivered today by the Caribbean Court of Justice (CCJ) in the consolidated matters of Trinidad Cement Limited and Arawak Cement Limited vs. The State of Barbados, and Rock Hard Cement Ltd. v. 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