{"id":162244,"date":"2017-10-07T13:41:50","date_gmt":"2017-10-07T08:11:50","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/?p=162244"},"modified":"2017-10-13T18:48:03","modified_gmt":"2017-10-13T13:18:03","slug":"define-categories-under-section-138-ni-act-where-proceedings-can-be-conducted-online-sc-tells-hcs","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2017\/10\/07\/define-categories-under-section-138-ni-act-where-proceedings-can-be-conducted-online-sc-tells-hcs\/","title":{"rendered":"Define categories under Section 138 NI Act where proceedings can be conducted \u2018online\u2019; SC tells HCs"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Supreme Court<\/strong>: In the case where the question as to how proceedings for an offence under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881 can be regulated where the accused is willing to deposit the cheque amount, the bench of AK Goel and UU Lalit, JJ held that Section 143 of the Act confers implied power on the Magistrate to discharge the accused if the complainant is compensated to the satisfaction of the Court, where the accused tenders the cheque amount with interest and reasonable cost of litigation as assessed by the Court. The Court said:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u201cBasic object of the law is to enhance credibility of the cheque transactions by providing speedy remedy to the complainant without intending to punish the drawer of the cheque whose conduct is reasonable or where compensation to the complainant meets the ends of justice.\u201d<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The Court, further, laid down the below mentioned guidelines to be taken note of while dealing with cases under S. 138 of the Act:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>where the cheque amount with interest and cost as assessed by the Court is paid by a specified date, the Court is entitled to close the proceedings in exercise of its powers under Section 143 of the Act read with Section 258 Cr.P.C.<\/li>\n<li>Normal rule for trial of cases under Chapter XVII of the Act is to follow the summary procedure and summons trial procedure can be followed where sentence exceeding one year may be necessary taking into account the fact that compensation under Section 357(3) Cr.P.C. with sentence of less than one year will not be adequate, having regard to the amount of cheque, conduct of the accused and other circumstances.<\/li>\n<li>In every complaint under Section 138 of the Act, it may be desirable that the complainant gives his bank account number and if possible e-mail ID of the accused. If e-mail ID is available with the Bank where the accused has an account, such Bank, on being required, should furnish such e-mail ID to the payee of the cheque.<\/li>\n<li>In every summons, issued to the accused, it may be indicated that if the accused deposits the specified amount, which should be assessed by the Court having regard to the cheque amount and interest\/cost, by a specified date, the accused need not appear unless required and proceedings may be closed subject to any valid objection of the complainant. If the accused complies with such summons and informs the Court and the complainant by e-mail, the Court can ascertain the objection, if any, of the complainant and close the proceedings unless it becomes necessary to proceed with the case. In such a situation, the accused\u2019s presence can be required, unless the presence is otherwise exempted subject to such conditions as may be considered appropriate.<\/li>\n<li>The accused, who wants to contest the case, must be required to disclose specific defence for such contest. It is open to the Court to ask specific questions to the accused at that stage.<\/li>\n<li>In case the trial is to proceed, it will be open to the Court to explore the possibility of settlement. It will also be open to the Court to consider the provisions of plea bargaining. Subject to this, the trial can be on day to day basis and endeavour must be to conclude it within six months.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Emphasising upon the need to conduct proceedings online, the Court said:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u201cThere appears to be need to consider categories of cases which can be partly or entirely concluded \u201conline\u201d without physical presence of the parties by simplifying procedures where seriously disputed questions are not required to be adjudicated. Traffic challans may perhaps be one such category. Atleast some number of Section 138 cases can be decided online.\u201d<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The Court, hence, added that it will be open to the High Courts to consider and lay down category of cases where proceedings or part thereof can be conducted online by designated courts or otherwise. The High Courts may also consider issuing any further updated directions for dealing with Section 138 cases. [Meters and Instruments Private Ltd. v. Kanchan Mehta, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scconline.com\/DocumentLink\/zJM4gHcb\">2017 SCC OnLine SC 1197<\/a>, decided on 05.10.2017]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Supreme Court: In the case where the question as to how proceedings for an offence under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":121,"featured_media":154914,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,9],"tags":[3029,23594,23574,23564,23584],"class_list":["post-162244","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-casebriefs","category-supremecourt","tag-cheque_bounce","tag-digitalisation-of-court-proceedings","tag-dishonour-of-cheques","tag-negotiable-instruments","tag-section-138-ni-act"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.4 (Yoast SEO v26.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Define categories under Section 138 NI Act where proceedings can be conducted \u2018online\u2019; SC tells HCs | SCC Times<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2017\/10\/07\/define-categories-under-section-138-ni-act-where-proceedings-can-be-conducted-online-sc-tells-hcs\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Define categories under Section 138 NI Act where proceedings can be conducted \u2018online\u2019; SC tells HCs\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Supreme Court: In the case where the question as to how proceedings for an offence under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2017\/10\/07\/define-categories-under-section-138-ni-act-where-proceedings-can-be-conducted-online-sc-tells-hcs\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"SCC Times\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/scc.online\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2017-10-07T08:11:50+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2017-10-13T13:18:03+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/Supreme-Court_Colour.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1330\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"887\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Prachi Bhardwaj\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Prachi Bhardwaj\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2017\/10\/07\/define-categories-under-section-138-ni-act-where-proceedings-can-be-conducted-online-sc-tells-hcs\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2017\/10\/07\/define-categories-under-section-138-ni-act-where-proceedings-can-be-conducted-online-sc-tells-hcs\/\",\"name\":\"Define categories under Section 138 NI Act where proceedings can be conducted \u2018online\u2019; 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Therefore, it cannot be said that the amount represented on the cheque in question was a legally recoverable debt.","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"failure to establish debt adjustment","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/failure-to-establish-debt-adjustment.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/failure-to-establish-debt-adjustment.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/failure-to-establish-debt-adjustment.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/failure-to-establish-debt-adjustment.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":129291,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2017\/05\/06\/only-drawer-of-cheque-can-be-made-an-acccused-in-proceedings-for-dishonour-of-cheque\/","url_meta":{"origin":162244,"position":1},"title":"Only drawer of cheque can be made an acccused in proceedings for dishonour of cheque","author":"Saba","date":"May 6, 2017","format":false,"excerpt":"Gujarat High Court: A Bench comprising of J.B. Pardiwala, J. has directed quashing of criminal proceedings against the applicant and co-accused husband, for dishonour of cheque under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act. The Applicant filed an application under Section 482 of the CrPC, invoking inherent powers of the\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/GujHC.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/GujHC.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/GujHC.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/GujHC.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/GujHC.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":258444,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2021\/12\/14\/section-138-ni-act-10\/","url_meta":{"origin":162244,"position":2},"title":"For summoning accused under S. 138 NI Act, recording of statements under Ss. 200 and 202 is required? All HC decides","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"December 14, 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"Allahabad High Court: Sameer Jain, J., decided that whether for summoning an accused under Section 138 of Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881, recording of statements under Section 200 and 202 of CrPC is required or not. Instant application was filed under Section 482 CrPC to quash the proceedings of complaint case\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":370991,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2025\/12\/26\/hc-roving-enquiry-debt-liability-quashing-section-138-ni-act-complaint-supreme-court-section-482-crpc\/","url_meta":{"origin":162244,"position":3},"title":"High Court Cannot Conduct Roving Enquiry into Debt or Liability While Quashing Section 138 NI Act Complaint: Supreme Court","author":"Prachi Bhardwaj","date":"December 26, 2025","format":false,"excerpt":"\u201cUnder Section 139 of the NI Act, there is a presumption that the holder of a cheque received the cheque of the nature referred to in Section 138 NI Act for the discharge, in whole or in part, of any debt or other liability. This presumption can be rebutted by\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Enquiry into Debt or Liability","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Enquiry-into-Debt-or-Liability.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Enquiry-into-Debt-or-Liability.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Enquiry-into-Debt-or-Liability.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Enquiry-into-Debt-or-Liability.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":262982,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2022\/03\/03\/to-prove-that-cheque-amount-was-larger-than-debt-due-can-defence-of-issuer-be-looked-at-stage-of-issuing-summons\/","url_meta":{"origin":162244,"position":4},"title":"To prove that cheque amount was larger than debt due, can defence of Issuer be looked at stage of issuing summons? Del HC explains","author":"Bhumika Indulia","date":"March 3, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"Delhi High Court: While addressing a matter revolving around Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881, Subramonium Prasad, J., held that Courts should primarily proceed on the averments in the complaint, and the defence of the accused cannot be looked at the stage of issuing summons unless it can\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Delhi_New-logo.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Delhi_New-logo.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Delhi_New-logo.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Delhi_New-logo.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Delhi_New-logo.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":338352,"url":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/2025\/01\/03\/andhra-pradesh-hc-quashes-138-ni-act-case-invalid-cheque-merged-bank-legal-news\/","url_meta":{"origin":162244,"position":5},"title":"Andhra Pradesh High Court quashes NI Act proceedings due to invalid cheque issued from merged bank","author":"Arunima","date":"January 3, 2025","format":false,"excerpt":"Andhra Pradesh High Court quashed proceedings under Section 138 NI Act, ruling that the dishonor of a cheque issued on a State Bank of Hyderabad account, rendered invalid due to the bank\u2019s merger with SBI and expiry of its validity in March 2018, does not attract liability under the NI\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Case Briefs&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Case Briefs","link":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/post\/category\/casebriefs\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"Andhra Pradesh High Court","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Andhra-Pradesh-High-Court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Andhra-Pradesh-High-Court.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Andhra-Pradesh-High-Court.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Andhra-Pradesh-High-Court.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]}],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/162244","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/121"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=162244"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/162244\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/154914"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=162244"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=162244"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scconline.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=162244"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}